Java plum (Syzygium cumini)

Anthracnose is a fungal disease caused by fungi in the genus Colletotrichum that affects many plants, including vegetables, fruits, and trees. The disease thrives in cool, wet conditions, causing dark, sunken lesions on leaves, stems, flowers, and fruits.

Leaf spot is a common fungal disease caused by various pathogens including Alternaria, Ascochyta, Colletotrichum, Septoria, and Venturia. It primarily affects leaves, causing discolored spots that can lead to premature leaf drop if left untreated.

Phyllosticta is a genus of fungi responsible for leaf spot diseases in a wide range of garden and indoor plants. These pathogens thrive in warm, humid conditions, spreading primarily through water splash and prolonged leaf wetness. Symptoms typically include small, circular lesions that transition from tan or light brown to having distinct dark brown or black margins. As the disease progresses, these spots may coalesce, leading to chlorosis (yellowing) and premature abscission (leaf drop). Characteristic pycnidia—tiny, black, pinhead-sized fruiting bodies—often develop within the lesions. Phyllosticta commonly affects ornamentals like hydrangeas, irises, peonies, lilacs, maples, and roses, as well as citrus and various fruit trees.

Root rot is a serious fungal disease that affects the root system of plants, causing them to decay and die. It is primarily caused by overwatering, poor drainage, or soil-borne fungi such as Pythium, Phytophthora, Rhizoctonia, and Fusarium. The disease thrives in waterlogged conditions where roots are deprived of oxygen, making them susceptible to fungal infection.