Blackberry Lily (Iris domestica)

Cladosporium is a group of fungi that cause leaf spots and a soft, olive-green to dark brown, velvety growth on leaves and sometimes stems. It thrives in high humidity, poor air movement, and crowded plants. Typical signs are pale or yellow patches on the upper side of the leaf and darker, fuzzy growth on the underside, followed by leaf drop. It is common on tomatoes (especially in greenhouses and high tunnels), peppers, cucumbers, many ornamentals (including roses), and houseplants kept in low light with damp foliage. The fungus spreads by tiny spores moved by air, splashing water, tools, and hands.

Rust is a common fungal disease caused by fungi in the order Pucciniales that affects a wide variety of plants. The disease gets its name from the characteristic orange, yellow, or reddish-brown pustules that appear on leaves, resembling metal rust. This obligate fungal parasite requires living plants to survive and can cause significant economic losses in agricultural crops.

Mosaic virus is a group of plant viruses that cause mottled, patchy patterns on leaves and can affect a wide variety of plants. The virus creates characteristic yellow, white, and green mosaic patterns, often accompanied by stunted growth and deformed plant parts. This highly contagious disease spreads rapidly through insect vectors and contaminated tools.