Complete Plant Guide
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Cotyledon
Cotyledon
Cotyledon is a genus of succulent plants in the family Crassulaceae, the same family as jade plant and kalanchoe. It has about 10 to 20 species, almost all from southern Africa, with a few in the drier parts of the rest of the continent up to the Arabian Peninsula. They are small shrubs with fleshy, brittle stems and thick, opposite, evergreen leaves that vary a lot: round and covered in white powder in pig's ear (Cotyledon orbiculata), hairy in bear's paw (Cotyledon tomentosa), wavy in others. The flowers are hanging tubes in orange, red, yellow or pink at the top of long stalks. Size ranges from about 30 cm to over 1 m, depending on the species.
Bear's Paw
Cotyledon ladismithiensis
Cotyledon ladismithiensis, popularly known as Bear's Paw, is a compact shrubby succulent native to the Little Karoo region of South Africa, near Ladismith and Laingsburg. Its fleshy, fuzzy leaves end in reddish-toothed tips that resemble a bear cub's claws, giving rise to its common name. It is a slow-growing plant, widely cultivated as an ornamental indoor and outdoor succulent in mild climates, and belongs to the Crassulaceae family, known for species containing bufadienolides (toxic defense compounds).
Pig's Ear
Cotyledon orbiculata
Cotyledon orbiculata, commonly known as Pig's Ear, is a robust succulent native to Southern Africa. It features distinctive rounded, silvery-white fleshy leaves often edged in red, and produces elegant orange to red tubular bell-shaped flowers on tall stems in late summer. A member of the Crassulaceae family, it is widely cultivated as an ornamental in gardens and as a houseplant.
Bear's Paw
Cotyledon tomentosa
Cotyledon tomentosa, commonly known as Bear's Paw or Bear Paw Succulent, is a compact succulent native to South Africa in the Crassulaceae family. It is instantly recognizable by its thick, velvety green leaves with distinctive reddish, teeth-like projections along the edges that resemble a bear's paw - hence its common name. This popular houseplant is prized for its unique appearance, ease of care, and suitability for indoor cultivation.
Cannonball Tree
Couroupita guianensis
The Cannonball Tree (Couroupita guianensis) is a majestic tropical tree native to South America, belonging to the family Lecythidaceae. It is renowned worldwide for its spectacular cauliflorous blooms — rose-pink to red fragrant flowers that grow directly from the trunk — and for its large, spherical, cannonball-like fruits weighing up to 7 kg. It can reach up to 30 metres in height in its natural habitat and is widely cultivated as an ornamental tree in botanical gardens and parks.
Sea Kale
Crambe
Crambe is a genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to coastal cliffs, stony shores, and Mediterranean regions. The best-known species, Crambe maritima (sea kale), is prized for both ornamental and culinary purposes.
ebolo
Crassocephalum crepidioides
Ebolo (Crassocephalum crepidioides) is an upright, somewhat succulent, and sparsely branched annual herb from the Asteraceae family, native to tropical Africa and now widespread throughout tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and the Americas. It reaches between 1 and 1.2 m in height, with alternate, elliptical leaves and irregularly serrated edges, sometimes with reddish tones. It blooms from summer to fall with drooping orange-red to pinkish flower heads, and its seeds with pappus are dispersed by the wind. It is consumed as a leafy vegetable, but in some areas, it behaves as an invasive weed.
Little Pickles
Crassothonna capensis
Crassothonna capensis, commonly known as Little Pickles or Ruby Necklace, is a fast-growing trailing succulent native to the semi-arid Karoo scrub and rocky flats of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. It grows low to the ground with thin, reddish-purple stems bearing spirally arranged, finger-like, blue-green succulent leaves that flush to vivid ruby-red or maroon tones under intense sun or during dry stress. Small, cheerful yellow daisy-like flowers emerge on slender elongated stalks and can appear from spring through fall. It thrives in hanging baskets, rock gardens, and xeriscaping arrangements, making it a versatile and striking ornamental.
Crassula (genus)
Crassula
Crassula is a large genus of over 200 succulent species in the family Crassulaceae, native mainly to Southern Africa. Well-known species include C. ovata (jade plant), C. perforata (string of buttons), and C. capitella (red pagoda). They are slow-growing, drought-tolerant plants suited to both indoor and warm outdoor climates (zones 9–11).
Silver Jade Plant
Crassula arborescens
Crassula arborescens, commonly known as the Silver Jade or Silver Dollar Plant, is a shrubby succulent native to the Western Cape of South Africa. Its rounded, blue-gray leaves with reddish edges provide a unique and sophisticated look. It grows slowly, reaching up to 120 cm in height, and produces small white or pink star-shaped flowers during spring and winter. It is an extremely hardy plant, perfect for both beginners and experienced growers.
Campfire Crassula
Crassula capitella
Crassula capitella, commonly known as Campfire Crassula or Red Flames, is a low-growing succulent from the family Crassulaceae native to South Africa. It forms dense rosettes of propeller-shaped, fleshy leaves that are bright green at the base and turn vivid shades of orange, red, and scarlet when exposed to full sun or cooler temperatures. The dramatic color transformation makes it one of the most visually striking succulents for containers and garden borders. In summer it produces small clusters of white star-shaped flowers that attract bees and butterflies.
Red Pagoda
Crassula corymbulosa
Crassula corymbulosa is the trade name of a South African succulent whose accepted name is now Crassula capitella subsp. thyrsiflora. It comes from dry, rocky Karoo slopes in South Africa and southeastern Namibia. It forms low mats of rosettes with fleshy, pointed leaves stacked in four ranks or in a spiral, like small pagodas. The leaves are apple green and blush red in strong sun or drought. From midsummer into autumn the stems stretch to 30-40 cm and carry tiny cream or white flowers, sometimes pink-tinged. After flowering the plant falls apart, and the dropped leaves root into new plants.
Crassula erosula
Crassula erosula
Crassula erosula is a small succulent from the Crassula family (Crassulaceae). Botanists now treat it as a subspecies, Crassula subacaulis subsp. erosula, and the old name Crassula erosula is kept as a synonym. In the wild it grows on gravelly slopes among scrub in southwestern Namibia and along the coastal mountains of South Africa, from the Orange River down to near Clanwilliam in the Western Cape. It forms a few upright branches up to about 30 cm tall, mostly from the base, with oblong, smooth or slightly hairy leaves that range from green to red. In spring it raises long stalks, up to 40 cm, with clusters of small cream to yellowish flowers. The name is also widely used in nurseries for the red-leaved cultivar 'Campfire', whose leaves turn bright orange-red in strong sun; its origin is disputed and it is often sold as Crassula capitella 'Campfire'.
Fragile Crassula
Crassula expansa subsp. fragilis
Crassula expansa subsp. fragilis is a delicate, creeping succulent native to the rocky, humus-rich slopes of Southern Africa (South Africa, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Eswatini, Angola) and Madagascar, where it grows in partial shade at altitudes between 50 and 1800 m. It forms low mats of thin reddish-brown stems covered with tiny, fleshy light green leaves that can turn reddish under intense sunlight. In the wild, it blooms between November and January after the rains, producing small white tubular flowers, sometimes streaked with red, gathered in terminal clusters. The fragile stems root extremely easily upon contact with the soil, which gives the plant its common name.
Woolly Crassula
Crassula lanuginosa
Crassula lanuginosa, the woolly crassula, is a small, mat-forming succulent from the north-eastern Cape region of South Africa, where it grows in cracks on rock outcrops and steep, rocky slopes. Its thin stems lie along the ground or arch over, reaching about 15 cm, and carry small elliptic to obovate leaves 1-3 cm long. Every part of the plant is covered in fine white hairs, which give the leaves a soft, blue-green to grey-green look; in strong sun the leaves blush red. In summer it produces flat-topped clusters of tiny white to cream flowers at the stem tips that attract insects. Two varieties are recognised: var. lanuginosa and var. pachystemon, which includes the popular cultivar 'David'.
Worm Plant
Crassula marnieriana
Crassula marnieriana, commonly known as the Worm Plant or Jade Necklace, is a compact succulent native to South Africa. It forms distinctive rope-like stems of tightly stacked, fleshy round leaves that overlap in opposite pairs, creating a unique appearance. In spring, it produces delicate clusters of white to pale pink star-shaped flowers.
Crassula mesembryanthemoides
Crassula mesembryanthemoides
A small succulent shrub from the south-eastern Cape Province of South Africa, where it grows in stony grassland from 50 to 1,500 m. It forms a branching clump 20 to 40 cm tall, with pointed apple-green leaves covered in silvery hairs that give a velvety look. With age the stems thicken, turn reddish-brown and the bark peels. The small flowers come in branched clusters, and sources differ on colour: white, cream, pale yellow or pinkish.
Fairy Crassula
Crassula multicava
Crassula multicava, known as Fairy Crassula or Cape Province pygmyweed, is a mat-forming succulent groundcover native to South Africa's Cape provinces. Its glossy, rounded leaves are dotted with tiny pits, and in winter it sends up airy sprays of small, star-shaped flowers that open white from pink buds. Extremely easy to grow, it tolerates neglect, poor soil and drought far better than overwatering.
Watch Chain Plant
Crassula muscosa
Crassula muscosa, commonly known as the Watch Chain Plant or Zipper Plant, is a slow-growing succulent native to South Africa and Namibia. Its tiny, tightly overlapping scale-like leaves create a distinctive chain or zipper pattern along its stems. An excellent choice for bright windowsills, terrariums, and succulent arrangements.
Jade Plant
Crassula ovata
The Jade Plant (Crassula ovata) is a beloved succulent native to South Africa and Mozambique, known for its thick, fleshy, oval-shaped leaves that resemble jade gemstones. This easy-care plant can live for decades, potentially reaching 70-100 years, and grows into an attractive shrub or small tree. Its compact growth and striking appearance have made it one of the most popular houseplants worldwide.
Gollum Jade
Crassula ovata 'Gollum'
A cultivar of Crassula ovata with cylindrical, tubular leaves that flare into a funnel-shaped tip, resembling fingers. It forms a slow-growing, branching succulent shrub.
Hobbit Jade
Crassula ovata 'Hobbit'
Hobbit Jade is a cultivar of Crassula ovata distinguished by curled, tubular, finger- or trumpet-shaped leaves, unlike the flat oval leaves of the common jade plant. A perennial succulent descending from the South African parent species, it is a popular low-maintenance houseplant valued for its slow, compact growth. Leaf tips blush red under bright direct sun.
Calico Kitten
Crassula pellucida
Crassula pellucida is a low-growing, trailing succulent native to shaded, rocky forests of eastern and southern Africa. Its small, rounded to slightly heart-shaped leaves form a dense, cushion-like mat and range from pale green to reddish-pink depending on light exposure, and the variegated cultivar Calico Kitten (subsp. marginalis) is prized for its cream, pink, and purple marbled foliage. In spring and summer it produces clusters of tiny white to pale pink star-shaped flowers.
Propeller Plant
Crassula perfoliata
Crassula perfoliata is a South African succulent subshrub best known through its popular cultivated variety, var. falcata (also called var. minor), the propeller plant, prized for its thick, grey-green, sickle-shaped leaves arranged in neat opposite rows. In summer it produces dense, rounded clusters of small scarlet-red flowers held high above the foliage on stiff stems, a striking contrast to the muted leaf color. Native to rocky, sun-baked slopes of South Africa's Eastern and Western Cape, it is a tough, drought-tolerant plant that thrives on neglect.
String of Buttons
Crassula perforata
Crassula perforata is a South African succulent in the Crassulaceae family, known for its distinctive stacked triangular leaves threaded along trailing stems. The leaves are grey-green with rosy pink margins that intensify under bright light. It grows upright when young and becomes trailing with age, reaching up to 60 cm. An easy-care plant that thrives in bright light and well-draining soil, it produces tiny star-shaped white to pale pink flowers in spring.
Pagoda Mini Jade
Crassula pyramidalis
Crassula pyramidalis is a small succulent from South Africa (Little Karoo and Namaqualand), where it grows on plains and sandstone hilltops. Its tiny triangular leaves are stacked so tightly that each stem looks like a square column just over 1 cm wide. It grows slowly to about 10 to 15 cm and forms a few offsets at the base. The leaves are bright green, turning purple at the tips in sun. From spring to summer the stem tips bear dense clusters of small, scented white to cream-pink flowers; that stem then dies and new ones grow from the base.
Concertina Plant
Crassula rupestris
Crassula rupestris is a charming stacked succulent native to South Africa, featuring triangular fleshy leaves threaded along creeping stems. Its geometric, bead-like foliage pattern gives it its popular names: Rosary Vine and Buttons on a String. In spring and summer it produces small star-shaped pink to white flowers.
Showy trailing jade
Crassula sarmentosa
A trailing succulent from the east coast of South Africa, where it grows among rocks, in ravines and draped over cliffs and bushes from Knysna to central KwaZulu-Natal. Small tubers sit at the base and slender stems 50 cm to 1 m long scramble, hang or sprawl. The paired leaves are glossy with finely toothed edges: dark green in shade, lime green with red margins in sun. In the southern winter it carries rounded heads of small star-shaped white or cream flowers, sometimes tinged pink. The variegated form 'Comet' is the one most often sold.
Miniature Pine Tree
Crassula tetragona
Crassula tetragona is a shrubby succulent native to South Africa, known for its narrow, needle-like leaves that resemble a tiny pine tree. Popular for bonsai styling and rock gardens, it grows slowly, forming woody, branching stems. In late spring to early summer it may produce small star-shaped white to cream flowers.
Hawthorn
Crataegus
Hawthorn (Crataegus) is a large genus of thorny shrubs and small trees in the rose family, native mostly to the Northern Hemisphere. Prized for spring clusters of white or pink flowers, glossy serrated leaves, and bright red autumn berries, hawthorns are tough, adaptable plants used widely as ornamental trees, hedging, and wildlife habitat.
Midland Hawthorn
Crataegus laevigata
The Midland hawthorn (Crataegus laevigata) is a thorny, deciduous tree or shrub native to European woodlands. It is prized for its fragrant white blossom in spring, its clusters of red haws in autumn, and its long history in European folklore, where it is known simply as "the May tree". It grows 3-8m tall and wide, tolerates poor and clay soils, and is widely planted as a hedging and specimen tree.
Common Hawthorn
Crataegus monogyna
Crataegus monogyna is a thorny, deciduous large shrub or small tree native to Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia. Prized for its clusters of white blossom in spring, deep red autumn haws, and dense, thorny growth, it has long been used as a hedging and wildlife plant across the British Isles and mainland Europe.
Dotted Hawthorn
Crataegus punctata
Dotted Hawthorn (Crataegus punctata) is a deciduous tree in the Rosaceae family, native to eastern North America. It grows up to 9 meters tall with a dense, rounded crown and characteristic thorns up to 7 cm long. In late spring, it develops white flowers in dense clusters, and in autumn, it is abundant with red fruits (pomes) with white dots, for which the species is named. It is particularly valuable for wildlife—the fruits attract migratory birds.
Garlic Pear
Crateva tapia
The Garlic Pear (Crateva tapia) is a tree native to the Americas, ranging from Mexico to southern Brazil, where it is common in the Caatinga, Cerrado, Pantanal, and Amazonian riparian forests. It can reach 4 to 15 m in height, with a broad, rounded crown and a twisted trunk with grayish bark that exudes a garlic odor when cut. The leaves are trifoliate, and the tree blooms between August and November, covered in white flowers with long reddish stamens that attract bees, butterflies, moths, and bats. The fruits, which are globose berries, ripen between February and April and have an edible pulp with a sweet flavor.
Hawksbeard
Crepis
Crepis is a genus of roughly 200 annual, biennial, and perennial wildflowers in the daisy family (Asteraceae), commonly called hawksbeards for their dandelion-like yellow flower heads and beaked seeds. This is a genus-level care profile — it covers general growing conditions shared across Crepis species rather than one particular species, since individual hawksbeards vary somewhat in height and habit. Native mainly to the Mediterranean Basin, Europe, Asia, and Africa, many Crepis species have naturalized worldwide along roadsides, lawns, and disturbed ground, where their nectar and seeds support bees, bumblebees, and seed-eating birds.
smooth hawksbeard
Crepis capillaris
Smooth hawksbeard (Crepis capillaris) is an annual or biennial herb in the Asteraceae family, native to Europe and western Asia and widely naturalized worldwide. It produces small yellow dandelion-like flowers in clusters that bloom from spring through autumn. Highly adaptable, it thrives in disturbed ground, roadsides, gardens, and grasslands. Young leaves are edible and have historically been used in Mediterranean salads.
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