Complete Plant Guide
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Barbados cherry
Malpighia emarginata
Malpighia emarginata, commonly known as Barbados cherry or acerola, is an evergreen tropical shrub or small tree native to the Lesser Antilles, Central America, and northern South America. Prized worldwide for its small red drupes containing extraordinary concentrations of vitamin C — roughly 1,677 mg per 100 g, making it one of the richest natural sources on earth — the plant also bears delicate pink or lavender flowers multiple times a year, providing nearly year-round ornamental interest alongside its exceptional nutritional value.
Barbados Cherry
Malpighia glabra
Malpighia glabra, commonly known as Barbados Cherry or Acerola, is a tropical fruit shrub native to the Caribbean and Central and South America. It is celebrated worldwide for producing one of the richest natural sources of vitamin C — small red cherries with a sweet-tart flavor that ripen multiple times per year. Equally valued as an ornamental and edible plant.
Apple Tree
Malus
Malus is a genus of small to medium deciduous trees and shrubs in the Rosaceae family, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. It encompasses cultivated apple trees grown for their edible fruit as well as ornamental crabapples prized for their spring blossoms and colorful fall fruit.
Japanese Flowering Crabapple
Malus × floribunda
The Japanese Flowering Crabapple (Malus × floribunda) is a small deciduous ornamental tree in the Rosaceae family, celebrated for its spectacular spring bloom. Deep pink buds open into white to pale pink flowers that smother the arching branches before the leaves emerge. In autumn it bears small yellow-red pome fruits that are a favorite of birds.
Apple Tree
Malus domestica
The apple tree (Malus domestica) is one of the most widely cultivated and economically significant fruit trees in the world, belonging to the rose family (Rosaceae). Native to the mountainous regions of Central Asia, it has been cultivated for over 4,000 years and today grows in temperate climates across every inhabited continent. Apple trees produce fragrant white and pink blossoms in spring and edible fruits in late summer to autumn. They are deciduous trees that can reach 9 meters in natural growth, though grafted dwarf varieties are typically much more compact.
European Crab Apple
Malus sylvestris
Malus sylvestris, the European Crab Apple, is a small to medium deciduous tree native to Europe and parts of western Asia. It belongs to the Rosaceae family and grows up to 10 metres tall, producing clusters of delicate white to pale pink blossoms in spring, followed by small, hard, greenish-yellow fruits (2–4 cm) with a characteristically sour and astringent flavour. One of the ancestors of the cultivated apple, this species is of great ecological importance, supporting over 90 associated insect species and providing food for birds and mammals. Its bark becomes rough and fissured with age, and the dense, thorny branching offers excellent wildlife habitat.
Mallow
Malva
Malva is a genus of herbaceous plants in the family Malvaceae, widely distributed across Europe, Asia, and the Americas. Known for their delicate five-petaled flowers in shades of lilac, pink, and white with dark purple veins, mallows are valued both as ornamental plants and for their long-standing medicinal properties. They thrive in well-drained soils in full sun, producing abundant flowers from summer through fall.
Tree Mallow
Malva arborea
Malva arborea, commonly known as tree mallow, is a fast-growing biennial shrub native to the rocky coastlines of western Europe and the Mediterranean, from Ireland and Britain south to North Africa and east to Greece. Reaching 1-2 m in height on a thick, woody-based stem, it forms bold rosettes of large, velvety, palmately lobed leaves up to 18 cm across. From early summer into autumn it produces clusters of funnel-shaped, dark pink to purple flowers, 3-4 cm wide, that draw bees and other pollinators. Remarkably salt-tolerant, tree mallow thrives on wind-battered cliffs and small islands, excreting excess salt through glands on its leaves so it can survive direct sea spray. In some regions outside its native range it has become an aggressive coastal coloniser.
Musk Mallow
Malva moschata
A tall, airy European wildflower prized in cottage gardens for its finely cut, musk-scented foliage and abundant rose-pink, saucer-shaped blooms held on slender stems from early summer into fall. Naturalized across much of North America, it self-seeds readily in meadows, hedgebanks, and sunny borders, attracting bees and butterflies all season long.
Common mallow
Malva neglecta
Common mallow (Malva neglecta) is a low-growing, creeping annual herb in the Malvaceae family. It features kidney-shaped to round, shallowly lobed leaves with long petioles and bears abundant pale pink to white flowers with violet veins from June to September. Originally from Europe and Western Asia, the species is now widely distributed as a synanthrope on ruderal land, field margins, and in gardens. The entire plant—leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds—is edible and rich in mucilage, vitamins, and minerals.
Least mallow
Malva parviflora
Least mallow (Malva parviflora) is an annual or biennial herb in the Malvaceae family, native to the Mediterranean, North Africa and western and central Asia, and now found almost worldwide as a weed of gardens, crops, roadsides and waste ground. It grows from 20 cm to a little over 1 m, upright or sprawling, from a strong taproot. The leaves are rounded with 5-7 shallow, toothed lobes and a small red spot at the base. The flowers are small (about 1 cm), white to pale pink, and appear nearly all year. The fruit looks like a tiny wheel of cheese split into wedges, which gives it the name cheeseweed.
Low Mallow
Malva pusilla
Malva pusilla, commonly known as Low Mallow or Small Mallow, is a fast-growing annual herb in the Malvaceae family. Native to temperate Eurasia, it produces small pale pink to white five-petalled flowers from spring through autumn. Its rounded, lobed leaves and creeping stems make it a distinctive ground-cover plant found in gardens, roadsides, and disturbed ground.
High mallow
Malva sylvestris
Malva sylvestris, commonly known as high mallow or common mallow, is a biennial or short-lived perennial herb native to Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia. A member of the Malvaceae family, it is easily recognised by its distinctive pinkish-purple flowers with dark veining, blooming from late spring through autumn. The plant has a rich history of culinary and medicinal use across Mediterranean and European cultures, prized for its emollient and anti-inflammatory properties.
Turk's Cap Mallows
Malvaviscus
Malvaviscus is a genus of about 10 shrub species in the mallow family (Malvaceae), native to the Americas from the southeastern United States through Mexico and Central America to South America. The most widely grown is Turk's cap (M. arboreus), with varieties such as drummondii, mexicanus and penduliflorus. The flowers look like a hibiscus that never opens: the petals stay furled around the staminal column. They are red, pink or white and draw hummingbirds and butterflies. Shrubs reach 3-4 m and bear small edible red fruits.
Turk's Cap
Malvaviscus arboreus
Malvaviscus arboreus, commonly known as Turk's Cap or Sleeping Hibiscus, is a vigorous perennial shrub native to Mexico and Central America. Its vibrant red flowers feature petals that remain furled, resembling a bud that never fully opens. This unique characteristic makes the nectar primarily accessible to hummingbirds, making it essential for gardens aiming to attract wildlife.
Pincushion Cactus / Nipple Cactus (genus)
Mammillaria
Mammillaria is one of the largest genera in the cactus family Cactaceae, comprising over 200 species native primarily to Mexico. Recognized by their distinctive nipple-shaped tubercles and crown-like rings of flowers, they are compact, ornamental plants beloved by collectors and beginners alike.
Backeberg's Pincushion Cactus
Mammillaria backebergiana
Mammillaria backebergiana is a small, globular-to-columnar cactus native to cliffs and rocky slopes in Guerrero, Michoacan and the State of Mexico. Its clear green stem, covered in spirally arranged tubercles tipped with golden-yellow to reddish hooked spines, grows slowly to about 30 cm tall and 6 cm in diameter, often forming offsets that build dense clumps over time. In spring, a striking ring of small magenta-pink flowers with green stigmas crowns the growing tip, followed by slender red fruits. It is a popular compact potted cactus that thrives on bright light and minimal water.
Powder Puff Cactus
Mammillaria bocasana
Mammillaria bocasana, commonly known as the powder puff cactus or snowball cactus, is a small globular cactus native to central Mexico, belonging to the Cactaceae family. It is characterized by its compact, rounded stems densely covered in fine, silky white hairs resembling cotton, interspersed with reddish-yellow hooked central spines. Over time, it forms clusters of multiple stems, creating a soft, cushion-like mound. In spring and summer, it produces a ring of small, funnel-shaped flowers in shades of creamy white to pink, followed by rosy-pink to red fruits.
Silken pincushion cactus
Mammillaria bombycina
Mammillaria bombycina is a small cactus in the family Cactaceae, native to a small area of west-central Mexico, in southwestern Aguascalientes and northeastern Jalisco, where it grows in dry, rocky scrub. The stems are globular to cylindrical, up to 20 cm tall and 5-6 cm across, covered in tubercles that carry 30 to 60 thin white radial spines and 1 or 2 dark red central spines that stand upright and are hooked at the tip. Young plants are usually solitary; with age they offset to form clumps from 30 cm to nearly 1 m wide. In spring a ring of deep rose-pink, funnel-shaped flowers about 1.5 cm across opens around the top of the stems, followed by small pinkish fruit. It holds the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
Mother of Hundreds
Mammillaria compressa
Mammillaria compressa, commonly known as Mother of Hundreds, is a clustering globular cactus native to central and northern Mexico, belonging to the Cactaceae family. It forms dense mounds of cylindrical stems covered in pale spines and produces a ring of purplish-pink flowers around the crown in late winter and early spring. This slow-growing, low-maintenance cactus is ideal for sunny windowsills, cactus gardens, and containers.
Elegant pincushion cactus
Mammillaria elegans
Mammillaria elegans is the name this small Mexican cactus has been sold under for nearly 200 years, although botanists now treat it as Mammillaria haageana subsp. elegans. It is a solitary globe 5-8 cm wide and about 10 cm tall that grows slowly and sometimes forms offsets at the base. The body is covered in short, dense white spines, with one or two longer dark-tipped central spines, and the areoles carry white wool. In spring and summer it forms a crown of pink to carmine-red flowers, 1-2 cm across, around the top.
Ladyfinger Cactus
Mammillaria elongata
Mammillaria elongata is a small cactus native to central Mexico, valued for its clustered cylindrical stems that form dense, compact mounds. Its golden or copper-colored spines give it a bright, decorative appearance. Ideal for beginners due to its resilience and easy care.
Brain Cactus
Mammillaria elongata 'Cristata'
Brain cactus is the crested form of Mammillaria elongata, a small cactus from central Mexico. A growth mutation makes the stems grow along a line instead of from a single point, so they fold into a wavy, convoluted mass that looks like a brain. The stems are covered in tiny star-shaped clusters of white, golden or copper spines. It stays small and grows slowly, which makes it a popular windowsill cactus.
Twin-spined Cactus
Mammillaria geminispina
Mammillaria geminispina, commonly known as the twin-spined cactus, is a clustering globular cactus native to central Mexico, found in the states of Hidalgo, Queretaro and San Luis Potosi. Its spherical stems, roughly 8 cm in diameter, are covered in white wool and long white spines that emerge in distinctive pairs at the tip of each conical tubercle, giving the species its name. Over the years it forms dense colonies that can spread well beyond 50 cm across. In spring and summer, a crown of small carmine-pink flowers appears around the top of each stem.
Thimble Cactus
Mammillaria gracilis
Mammillaria gracilis, commonly known as the Thimble Cactus, is a small clustering cactus from the Cactaceae family, native to central Mexico. It forms compact clumps of cylindrical stems densely covered in white, silky spines that resemble a sewing thimble. It is one of the most widely cultivated Mammillaria species, admired for its delicate beauty, ease of care, and generous blooming.
Haage's Pincushion Cactus
Mammillaria haageana
Mammillaria haageana is a small, spine-covered cactus native to the highlands of central and southern Mexico, where it grows wild among oak forests, pine woodlands, and volcanic lava flows at elevations between 450 and 2,600 meters. Its stem is globular when young and becomes more cylindrical with age, reaching up to 15 cm tall and 3-10 cm in diameter, often forming dense clusters as it produces offsets around its base. The stem is covered in small, cone-shaped tubercles called mammillae (the trait that gives the genus its name), each topped with an areole bearing 8 to 30 fine white radial spines and a handful of darker central spines that fade from black or reddish-brown to grey with age. In late winter and early spring the plant rewards patient growers with a crown of funnel-shaped flowers in shades of deep magenta-pink to pale pink, each only 8-20 mm across but often appearing in a ring around the growing tip. Slow-growing and undemanding, it is a favorite among beginner cactus collectors for its compact size and reliable, colorful blooms.
Old Lady Cactus
Mammillaria hahniana
The Old Lady Cactus (Mammillaria hahniana) is a small globose cactus native to Mexico, famous for the long white hairs that cover its entire body, resembling an elderly lady. It produces a crown of small pink-purple flowers in spring, making it highly decorative. One of the most popular cacti for collections and indoor growing.
Royal Cross
Mammillaria karwinskiana
Mammillaria karwinskiana is a globular cactus native to south-central Mexico (Oaxaca, Puebla, Chiapas, Morelos, Guerrero, Michoacán and Colima) and Guatemala, growing wild in tropical deciduous forest and xerophilous scrub between 150 and 2,100 m elevation. It forms a solitary or basally branching stem, globose to short-cylindrical, up to 20 cm tall and 12 cm in diameter, with areoles bearing six pale radial spines with brown tips and no central spines. In spring it produces funnel-shaped, cream-to-yellow flowers with purplish midveins that open in a ring near the growing tip, giving rise to the common name "Royal Cross". The species is rated Least Concern by the IUCN and includes four recognized subspecies.
Thumb Cactus
Mammillaria matudae
Mammillaria matudae is a small cactus from central Mexico, found at 700 to 1,250 m in the states of Mexico, Michoacán and Guerrero, in dry scrub. Its slender cylindrical stems are about 3 cm wide and 10 to 20 cm tall, covered in short white spines with one longer central spine. Over time it forms clusters, and the stems lean over and sprawl. In spring a ring of small bright pink flowers appears near the tip. It is named after the botanist Eizi Matuda. In Mexico it is a specially protected species.
Feather cactus
Mammillaria plumosa
Mammillaria plumosa is a small cactus from north-eastern Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León and Tamaulipas), where it grows on limestone cliffs in dry scrub at 730-1,350 m. It forms low clumps of round heads 4-7 cm across that in time reach 12 cm tall and 40 cm wide. The pale green body is hidden under about 40 white spines per areole, so fine and branched that they look like feathers: the plant feels soft and doesn't prick. The flowers are small, whitish-yellow, sometimes with a pink stripe, and sweetly scented; they appear in late summer or, in cultivation, often in winter. In the wild it is listed as Near Threatened because of illegal collecting for sale. It holds the RHS Award of Garden Merit.
Mammillaria polythele
Mammillaria polythele
Mammillaria polythele is a solitary, cylindrical cactus native to the highlands of central Mexico, from Jalisco to Veracruz, where it grows among rocky desert and dry shrubland at 1,700-2,400 m elevation. Its dark green to bluish-green stem can reach up to 60 cm tall and 10 cm in diameter, densely covered in pyramidal tubercles tipped with spine clusters and woolly axils. In spring and summer it produces a ring of small deep pink to magenta flowers near the crown.
Rat-tail Nipple Cactus
Mammillaria pottsii
Mammillaria pottsii is a small, clustering cactus native to the Chihuahuan Desert of northern Mexico and the Big Bend region of West Texas. It forms clumps of slender cylindrical stems up to about 30 cm tall, covered in tubercles and fine white spines. Small pink to red flowers appear from late winter to spring, followed by red berries.
Little Candles
Mammillaria prolifera
Mammillaria prolifera is a small, clustering globular cactus native to Mexico, Texas, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Haiti. It readily produces offsets around the mother plant, forming dense cushion-like colonies covered in fine, hair-like spines. In spring and summer it produces small yellowish-white, cream, or pinkish-yellow flowers around the crown. It is a slow-growing, drought-tolerant, and easy-care cactus, well suited for beginners.
Spiny Pincushion Cactus
Mammillaria spinosissima
Mammillaria spinosissima, the Spiny Pincushion Cactus, is a cylindrical cactus endemic to the states of Guerrero and Morelos in central Mexico. It thrives at elevations between 1,600 and 1,900 meters in dry tropical forests and xerophilous scrub. It is celebrated for its dense bristly red-brown spines and rings of carmine-pink flowers that appear in spring.
Golden Stars Cactus
Mammillaria vetula
Mammillaria vetula is a small, clustering cactus native to central Mexico (Hidalgo, Guanajuato and Queretaro), prized in cultivation as the popular subspecies gracilis. It forms dense mounds of cylindrical, bluish-green stems covered in fine white radial spines, topped in spring and summer with tiny pale-yellow, funnel-shaped flowers. It readily produces offsets that detach easily, making it one of the easiest cacti to propagate and share.
Saltillo Pincushion Cactus
Mammillaria winterae
The Saltillo pincushion cactus (Mammillaria winterae) is a slow-growing, globular cactus native to the mountains of Nuevo León and Coahuila, Mexico, where it grows among limestone rocks at high elevation. It typically has a solitary, flattened stem covered in radial spines and produces yellowish-white or greenish-yellow flowers in spring.
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