Complete Plant Guide
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Cambria orchid
Vuylstekeara
Vuylstekeara is an artificially created orchid nothogenus (a cross between Cochlioda × Miltonia × Odontoglossum), most commonly known in the trade as "Cambria," primarily through the popular cultivar Vuylstekeara Cambria 'Plush'. This hybrid combines the best traits of its parent species: it offers long-lasting, colorful inflorescences and is relatively easy to maintain, making it a frequent recommendation for beginner orchid enthusiasts. Ribbon-like leaves grow from its fleshy pseudobulbs, and its flowers appear with contrastingly patterned petals in a wide range of colors from yellow to burgundy.
Barren Strawberry
Waldsteinia ternata
Barren strawberry (Waldsteinia ternata) is a low-growing, semi-evergreen perennial groundcover belonging to the Rosaceae family. It is native to a region spanning from Central Europe to Siberia and Japan. Its trifoliate, dark green leaves form a dense mat that effectively covers the ground throughout the growing season. The foliage remains green under the snow and recovers quickly in the spring. In May, the plant bursts into yellow blooms that resemble strawberry flowers. Barren strawberry is very low-maintenance and is an excellent choice for a groundcover in semi-shaded gardens.
Pink quill
Wallisia cyanea
Wallisia cyanea (formerly Tillandsia cyanea), known as the pink quill, is an epiphytic bromeliad native to the tropical forests of Ecuador. It forms a dense rosette of narrow, grass-like leaves from which a flattened, vibrant pink spike resembling a quill emerges. From this spike, short-lived violet-blue flowers appear sequentially over several months. It is a slow-growing plant that does not require soil, primarily cultivated for its spectacular, long-lasting colorful inflorescence.
Chaconia
Warszewiczia
Warszewiczia is a genus of evergreen tropical trees and shrubs in the Rubiaceae (coffee) family, native to Central America, the Caribbean, and northern South America. Its best-known and most widely cultivated species, W. coccinea -- the chaconia or wild poinsettia -- is the national flower of Trinidad and Tobago. The plant is prized for its striking flower clusters: long, upright spikes bearing dozens of small, inconspicuous yellow flowers, each subtended by one flame-red, enlarged sepal (bract) that gives the inflorescence its brilliant color. It grows as a large shrub or small tree, typically 4-8 m tall in cultivation (up to 12 m in the wild), with big, glossy, leathery leaves.
California Fan Palm
Washingtonia filifera
Washingtonia filifera, the California fan palm (also called desert fan palm), is a massive, single-trunked palm native to desert oases of the southwestern United States. It is the only palm species native to the western United States and forms dense groves around natural springs in the Colorado and Mojave deserts. Mature palms develop a thick, fibrous gray-brown trunk topped with a crown of large, fan-shaped (palmate) leaves that can reach 1.5-2 m across, each armed with curling filaments along the leaf margins that give the species its epithet "filifera" (thread-bearing). Older, uncultivated specimens often retain a skirt of dead fronds hanging down the trunk, earning it the nickname "petticoat palm."
Mexican Fan Palm
Washingtonia robusta
Washingtonia robusta, commonly known as the Mexican Fan Palm or Skyduster, is a fast-growing palm native to Baja California and Sonora, Mexico. Prized for its slender towering trunk and large fan-shaped fronds, it can reach up to 30 meters tall and is widely planted along boulevards, in parks, and in warm-climate gardens worldwide.
Old Fashioned Weigela
Weigela florida
Weigela florida, commonly known as Old Fashioned Weigela, is a deciduous flowering shrub native to northern China and Korea. It is celebrated for its profuse, trumpet-shaped blooms in shades of pink, red, and white that emerge in late spring and early summer, making it a beloved choice for garden borders and foundation plantings. Its arching branches create an elegant silhouette, and modern cultivars offer a wide range of foliage colors from deep burgundy to variegated cream.
Coastal Rosemary
Westringia fruticosa
Westringia fruticosa, commonly known as Coastal Rosemary, is a hardy evergreen shrub native to coastal areas of southeastern Australia. Despite its common name and rosemary-like foliage, it is not related to true rosemary but belongs to the mint family (Lamiaceae). It produces an abundance of small white to lavender flowers almost year-round, making it a popular ornamental shrub in Australian and Mediterranean-style gardens.
Caracas Wigandia
Wigandia urens
Wigandia urens is a fast-growing large shrub or small tree native to Mexico and Central/South America, prized for its enormous textured leaves that can reach 30 cm long. The entire plant is covered in bristly stinging hairs that produce severe contact dermatitis, making it one of the most hazardous ornamentals to handle. In summer, it produces striking clusters of deep purple flowers with a white throat, attracting pollinators. It thrives in full sun outdoors and is highly drought tolerant once established.
Japanese Wisteria
Wisteria floribunda
Japanese Wisteria is a vigorous, woody deciduous climber native to Japan, prized for its long, fragrant, drooping flower clusters that cascade over trellises and pergolas in spring. Its stems twine clockwise around supports, thickening into gnarled trunks over the years.
Chinese Wisteria
Wisteria sinensis
Chinese Wisteria (Wisteria sinensis) is a vigorous, woody deciduous climber native to China, belonging to the Fabaceae family. Widely grown on pergolas, arbors, and walls for its spectacular cascading racemes of fragrant flowers — up to 30 cm long, in shades of purple, violet, and lavender — that appear in spring before the leaves emerge. Fast-growing and twining, it can reach many meters if left unchecked, so training it on sturdy structures is essential. Every part of the plant, especially the seeds and pods, is toxic to humans, dogs, and cats, potentially causing nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain if ingested.
foxtail palm
Wodyetia
The foxtail palm (Wodyetia bifurcata) is a monotypic palm species native to the Cape Melville Peninsula in far north Queensland, Australia. Its common name derives from the distinctive plumose fronds, where leaflets radiate in all directions around the rachis, creating a full, bushy appearance reminiscent of a fox's tail. The solitary, self-cleaning trunk is grey and prominently ringed, reaching up to 10 metres in height. Widely cultivated across tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, the foxtail palm is prized as a landscape ornamental in gardens, parks, and streetscapes.
Foxtail Palm
Wodyetia bifurcata
Wodyetia bifurcata, commonly known as the Foxtail Palm, is a stunning single-trunked palm native to the rainforests and open woodlands of the Cape Melville region in Queensland, Australia. Its distinctive arching fronds, with leaflets radiating in all directions like a fox's bushy tail, make it one of the most ornamental palms in tropical and subtropical landscapes worldwide.
Little Jewel
x Pachyveria glauca
x Pachyveria 'Glauca' (Little Jewel) is a hybrid succulent from the Crassulaceae family, resulting from a cross between the Pachyphytum and Echeveria genera. It forms a compact, spiky rosette of thick, fleshy, cylindrical leaves with a dusty blue-gray coloration and tips that take on red and violet tones under intense sun. It is a plant of exclusively horticultural origin (does not occur in nature), very popular in rock gardens, shallow pot compositions, and succulent collections for its hardiness and understated beauty. In winter and early spring, it can produce small flowers in shades of pink and peach.
Cocklebur
Xanthium
Xanthium is a genus of annual herbaceous weeds in the family Asteraceae, native to the Americas and eastern Asia. It is best known for its spiny bur fruits that cling to clothing and animal fur, aiding seed dispersal. Plants grow in disturbed soils, roadsides, and open fields, reaching up to 120 cm tall.
Spiny Cocklebur
Xanthium spinosum
Xanthium spinosum, commonly known as Spiny Cocklebur or Bathurst Burr, is an annual invasive herb in the Asteraceae family, presumed native to South America. It is characterized by long yellowish three-pronged spines at leaf bases and spiny burs that cling readily to animal fur and clothing. It is considered a serious agricultural weed and is highly toxic to livestock and humans.
Rough Cocklebur
Xanthium strumarium
Xanthium strumarium, known as Rough Cocklebur, is an annual herbaceous weed belonging to the Asteraceae family. It is a cosmopolitan invasive species found on all continents except Antarctica, thriving in disturbed soils, floodplains, roadsides, and agricultural fields. It is best known for its hard, spiny burs that cling to animal fur and clothing — a property that inspired the invention of velcro. The plant is highly toxic, particularly in the seedling and cotyledon stages, where it contains carboxyatractyloside, a diterpenoid glycoside fatal to livestock and potentially to humans.
Maritime sunburst lichen
Xanthoria parietina
Xanthoria parietina, commonly known as the maritime sunburst lichen or common orange lichen, is a highly resilient lichen species often seen on rocks, walls, and tree bark. Its characteristic bright yellow or orange color is provided by a pigment called parietin, which protects the cells from intense UV radiation. This species lives in symbiosis, with its body composed of a fungus and an alga. It is an excellent bioindicator, as it tolerates nitrogen-rich environments well but remains sensitive to certain types of air pollution.
Giant Elephant Ear
Xanthosoma robustum
The giant elephant ear (Xanthosoma robustum) is a tropical aroid native to Mexico and Central America, prized for its massive shield-shaped leaves in deep emerald green with striking white veining. It can reach up to 3.6 m tall under ideal conditions, forming an imposing clump in tropical gardens or large containers.
Arrowleaf Elephant Ear
Xanthosoma sagittifolium
Xanthosoma sagittifolium, popularly known as Arrowleaf Elephant Ear, is a lush tropical plant with large heart- or arrow-shaped leaves. Native to Central and South America, it is widely cultivated for both its ornamental value and its culinary use in various regions. Its leaves can reach impressive sizes, creating a jungle-like look in gardens or well-lit interiors.
Strawflower
Xerochrysum bracteatum
Xerochrysum bracteatum, commonly known as the Strawflower or Everlasting Daisy, is a cheerful Australian native wildflower celebrated for its papery, long-lasting blooms in shades of yellow, orange, pink, red, and white. Its flowers retain their shape and color for years when dried, making it a favorite for everlasting floral arrangements. A drought-tolerant, sun-loving plant, it thrives in garden borders and containers with minimal care.
Red-cracking Bolete
Xerocomellus chrysenteron
Xerocomellus chrysenteron, commonly known as the red-cracking bolete, is a common edible mushroom characterized by its velvety, brown cap that cracks at maturity to reveal a reddish subcutaneous layer. The pores are yellow, turning greenish-blue when bruised, and the stem is often tinted with ruby red.
Silver Dollar Vine
Xerosicyos danguyi
A climbing succulent native to Madagascar, belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family. Its fleshy, round, grayish-green leaves resemble silver coins, which gives it its common name. It grows as a vine with thin, woody stems that can reach several meters in length, making it ideal for hanging pots or growing on a trellis in bright indoor spaces.
Tallow wood
Ximenia americana
Ximenia americana, known as tallow wood, hog plum, or sea lemon, is a semi-parasitic (hemiparasitic) shrub or small tree in the Olacaceae family, found in tropical regions of the Americas, Africa, and Asia. Its roots connect to those of host plants to obtain water and supplemental nutrients. It features thorny branches, bright green oval leaves, small, white, fragrant flowers, and an ovoid yellow or orange fruit with juicy, acidic, edible pulp. It is highly valued for its extraordinary resistance to drought and heat, making it ideal for arid climates and poor soils. Note: the seeds and leaves contain cyanogenic compounds and should not be consumed raw.
Caribbean Swordlily
Xiphidium caeruleum
A rhizomatous perennial herb from the Haemodoraceae family, native to tropical forests ranging from southern Mexico and the Caribbean to central Brazil and Bolivia. It forms compact clumps of linear, bright light-green leaves arranged in a fan shape, reaching heights of 1 foot to 3 feet. In spring and summer, it produces delicate panicles of tubular white flowers that hang downward, followed by fruits that ripen from green to orange, red, and finally black. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in shaded gardens, borders, and containers, and has traditional uses in folk medicine as a diuretic and anti-inflammatory.
stag's horn
Xylaria
Xylaria, commonly known as the Stag's Horn fungus or Candle-snuff fungus, is a genus of ascomycete fungi. It is characterized by its tough, carbonaceous, and upright fruiting bodies that often branch like antlers. Initially, the tips are covered in white asexual spores (conidia), giving them a 'snuffed candle' appearance, before turning entirely black as they mature and produce sexual spores.
Oriental False Hawksbeard
Youngia japonica
Oriental False Hawksbeard (Youngia japonica) is an annual or biennial herb in the Asteraceae family, native to East Asia (Japan, Korea, and China), and now naturalized in various tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, including Brazil. It forms a basal rosette of oblanceolate, lobed leaves from which branched stems emerge, bearing small yellow flower heads. It is a hardy, fast-growing plant commonly found in gardens, flowerbeds, nurseries, and sidewalk cracks, and is considered invasive in several countries. Its young leaves are edible, and the species has traditional uses in Asian folk medicine.
Yucca
Yucca
Yucca is a genus of about 40-50 species of perennial shrubs and trees in the family Asparagaceae, native to hot, arid regions of the Americas including Mexico, the southwestern United States, and the Caribbean. Known for their dramatic sword-like leaves and towering white flower spikes, yuccas are among the most iconic desert and garden plants in the world. Popular indoor species include Yucca elephantipes (Spineless Yucca) and Y. gigantea; outdoors, Y. filamentosa and Y. aloifolia thrive in garden landscapes.
Spanish Bayonet
Yucca aloifolia
Yucca aloifolia, commonly known as Spanish Bayonet, is a striking evergreen shrub or small tree native to the southeastern United States, Mexico, and the Caribbean. It features stiff, sword-like leaves with razor-sharp tips that form a dramatic rosette atop a woody trunk. In summer, it produces tall spikes of creamy white bell-shaped flowers that attract pollinators. Its bold architectural form makes it a popular choice for xeriscape gardens, coastal landscapes, and as a natural security barrier.
Spineless Yucca
Yucca elephantipes
The Spineless Yucca (Yucca elephantipes) is a striking ornamental plant from the Asparagaceae family, native to Mexico and Central America. Known for its thick trunk base resembling an elephant's foot, it is extremely hardy and easy to care for. It can reach up to 10 meters outdoors, but typically grows 2-4 meters indoors.
Adam's Needle
Yucca filamentosa
Yucca filamentosa, commonly known as Adam's Needle, is a striking evergreen perennial native to the southeastern United States. It forms bold architectural rosettes of stiff, sword-shaped leaves edged with distinctive curly white filaments. In late spring to early summer, it sends up dramatic tall panicles of creamy white, bell-shaped flowers that attract pollinators like yucca moths and hummingbirds. Exceptionally drought-tolerant and cold-hardy down to zone 4, it thrives in full sun and well-drained soils, making it ideal for xeriscaping, coastal gardens, and rock gardens.
Weak-leaf Yucca
Yucca flaccida
Yucca flaccida, commonly known as Weak-leaf Yucca or Adam's Needle, is a hardy evergreen shrub native to the eastern United States. It forms a dramatic basal rosette of long, sword-shaped leaves that characteristically droop or flop at their tips — the source of its common name. Tall, creamy white flower spikes emerge in summer, making it a striking ornamental plant for dry gardens and landscapes.
Spineless Yucca
Yucca gigantea
Yucca gigantea, commonly known as Spineless Yucca or Giant Yucca, is a striking large-stemmed tree native to Central America (Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras). Unlike most yuccas, its leaves have soft, flexible tips making it safer to handle. Grown indoors it forms a dramatic architectural focal point with rosettes of long, arching green leaves atop thick, sculptural trunks. Outdoors in warm climates it can reach 9 m or more and produces tall panicles of creamy-white bell-shaped flowers in summer. It is prized for its drought tolerance, low maintenance needs, and bold tropical aesthetic.
Spanish Dagger
Yucca gloriosa
Yucca gloriosa, commonly known as the Spanish Dagger, is an evergreen shrub native to the southeastern United States. Its stiff, sword-shaped leaves form imposing basal rosettes, and its flower stalk can reach up to 16 feet in height with bell-shaped white flowers. It is an extremely hardy plant, tolerating drought, heat, wind, and salt spray.
Coontie
Zamia
Zamia is a genus of roughly 80 cycad species native to the tropics and subtropics of the Americas, from the southeastern United States to South America. Despite its palm-like rosette of stiff, feathery fronds, Zamia is not a palm or fern but an ancient gymnosperm - a living relative of plants that predate the dinosaurs. It grows from a partly underground caudex (stem) and produces cone-like reproductive structures instead of flowers.
Cardboard Palm
Zamia furfuracea
Zamia furfuracea, commonly known as the Cardboard Palm, is not a true palm but a cycad native to the coastal region of Veracruz, Mexico. One of the most ancient plant lineages on Earth, cycads have existed for over 200 million years. Its stiff, leathery, dark-green fronds radiate from a central trunk, creating a striking architectural appearance highly prized in ornamental gardening worldwide.
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