Complete Plant Guide
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Orange Jasmine
Murraya paniculata
Murraya paniculata is an evergreen shrub or small tree native to South and Southeast Asia. It is widely cultivated for its dense, glossy dark green foliage and intensely fragrant white flowers that resemble the scent of orange blossoms. It is a popular choice for hedges and bonsai.
Banana
Musa
Banana (Musa spp.) is a large tropical plant belonging to the family Musaceae. This is a genus-level entry with care data representative of commonly grown ornamental and edible bananas, particularly Musa acuminata-type cultivars such as Dwarf Cavendish. Native to tropical Asia, the banana plant is one of the most recognizable plants in the world, celebrated for its broad, glossy green leaves and iconic fruit. Cultivated for over 8,000 years, it is a symbol of abundance and fertility across many cultures. As a houseplant, it is a fast-growing specimen that can reach 1.5 to 5 metres depending on the cultivar, creating a dramatic tropical focal point.
Banana
Musa × paradisiaca
Musa × paradisiaca is the cultivated banana and plantain, a hybrid of Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana. It is a giant herbaceous plant with a trunk-like pseudostem of leaf sheaths reaching 3-7 m, huge paddle leaves, a pendent purple flower bract, and hands of seedless edible fruit.
Wild Banana
Musa acuminata
Musa acuminata is the wild ancestor of most edible banana cultivars. Native to Southeast Asia, it is a fast-growing, herbaceous perennial that can reach 3–5 m tall. Its large paddle-shaped leaves and arching flower stalks make it a dramatic tropical statement plant. Unlike commercial bananas, wild specimens produce fruits filled with hard seeds.
Wild Banana
Musa balbisiana
Musa balbisiana is a large, fast-growing herbaceous perennial native to eastern South Asia, northern Southeast Asia, and southern China. Reaching up to 5.5 m tall with broad, paddle-shaped leaves, it produces cream-to-white flowers wrapped in reddish-purple bracts, followed by thick-skinned, seed-filled fruit. Along with Musa acuminata, it is one of the two wild ancestors of nearly all cultivated bananas, contributing the resilient 'B genome' that gives many banana hybrids their hardiness.
Japanese Banana
Musa basjoo
Musa basjoo, known as the Japanese Banana or Hardy Banana, is a fast-growing herbaceous perennial in the family Musaceae. Native to the Ryukyu Islands of Japan and originally from Sichuan, China, it produces enormous paddle-shaped leaves up to 6 feet long, creating a lush tropical effect in temperate gardens. Unlike most bananas, its underground rhizomes can survive temperatures as low as -10°F with mulch, making it the hardiest banana available for cold-climate gardening.
Scarlet Banana
Musa coccinea
The Scarlet Banana (Musa coccinea) is a striking tropical plant native to Southeast Asia, particularly Vietnam and southern China. Unlike fruiting bananas, it is grown primarily as an ornamental for its dramatic upright inflorescences featuring vivid scarlet bracts surrounding small yellow flowers. A fast-growing clumping plant, it produces offshoots (pups) readily and creates lush tropical displays in gardens, containers, or as indoor specimens in bright spaces.
Flowering Banana
Musa ornata
Musa ornata, commonly known as the Flowering Banana or Ornamental Banana, is a small tropical banana plant native to South Asia (Bangladesh, India, Myanmar). It is prized not for its fruit but for its stunning inflorescence of pink to lavender bracts with yellow-orange tubular flowers. Unlike edible banana varieties, its small fruits are inedible, but the plant makes a spectacular ornamental specimen in tropical gardens and large containers.
Banana Plant
Musa sp
The Banana Plant (Musa sp) is a tropical herbaceous perennial native to Southeast Asia, widely cultivated both for its edible fruit and ornamental value. Its enormous paddle-shaped leaves can reach up to 2 meters long, creating a lush tropical display. Technically not a tree — the pseudostem is formed by overlapping leaf sheaths. The plant grows rapidly and produces yellow or colorful flowers followed by fruit clusters.
Grape Hyacinth (genus)
Muscari
Muscari is a genus of approximately 30 species of small bulbous spring-flowering perennials in the family Asparagaceae, native to the Mediterranean basin and southwestern Asia. They are beloved for their dense racemes of tiny urn-shaped blue or white flowers that resemble clusters of grapes.
Grape Hyacinth
Muscari armeniacum
Muscari armeniacum, commonly known as Grape Hyacinth, is a bulbous perennial native to Turkey and the Caucasus region. It belongs to the family Asparagaceae and produces small clusters of deep blue-violet, urn-shaped flowers in early spring that resemble bunches of grapes. Hardy, low-maintenance, and highly rewarding, it naturalizes readily in gardens and containers.
Dona Alicia Mussaenda
Mussaenda alicia
Mussaenda alicia, commonly known as Doña Alicia, is a stunning tropical flowering shrub native to the Philippines and Tropical Asia. It belongs to the family Rubiaceae and is celebrated for its showy pink bracts that surround small yellow tubular flowers. Named in honor of Alicia Santos-Garchitorena, this cultivar is one of the most beloved ornamental plants in Philippine gardens and is grown throughout tropical regions worldwide. The plant produces cascading branches adorned with large, soft, velvety pink sepals, creating a spectacular display from spring through fall.
Ashanti Blood
Mussaenda erythrophylla
Mussaenda erythrophylla, commonly known as Ashanti Blood or Red Flag Bush, is a tropical shrub native to West Africa. It is celebrated for its striking deep red modified leaves (bracts) that surround tiny yellow flowers, creating a dramatic and exotic appearance. This fast-growing ornamental shrub thrives in humid, tropical conditions and is a popular choice for tropical garden borders, hedges, and specimen planting.
Garlic Parachute
Mycetinis
Fungi belonging to the genus Mycetinis are known for their characteristic odor reminiscent of garlic. These small mushrooms often live on decaying wood or leaf litter in forests. Their caps are thin, and their stems are tough and dark-colored. The most well-known species is the Garlic Marasmius, which is a valuable culinary mushroom used as a spice.
Ngaio
Myoporum laetum
Myoporum laetum, commonly known as ngaio or mousehole tree, is a fast-growing shrub or small tree endemic to New Zealand and the Chatham Islands. It reaches up to 10 meters in height, featuring bright green leaves dotted with translucent oil glands visible when held up to the light. In spring and summer, it produces clusters of small white flowers speckled with purple, followed by reddish fruits. It is extremely salt and wind tolerant, making it widely used as a windbreak and coastal screen. All parts of the plant contain ngaione, a potent liver toxin: it is highly toxic to livestock, dogs, cats, and humans if ingested.
jaboticaba
Myrciaria cauliflora
The jaboticaba is a tropical fruit tree native to the Atlantic Forests of Brazil, particularly found in Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, Goiás, and São Paulo states. Belonging to the Myrtaceae family, it is a medium-sized tree reaching up to 15 meters in height, characterized by a smooth, attractive reddish-brown trunk that peels to reveal creamy to gray underbark. The leaves are simple, opposite, and lanceolate, creating a dense, well-structured canopy. The most distinctive feature is its remarkable cauliflory: delicate white, fluffy flowers emerge directly from the trunk and major branches, creating the appearance of a 'snow-covered tree' during bloom. The fruits are small, rounded berries with dark purple skin and soft, white, sweet pulp, uniquely arranged on the trunk and branches rather than at branch tips. The tree is evergreen and highly productive, capable of yielding six to eight crops per year under ideal conditions.
Brazilian Grapetree
Myrciaria jaboticaba
The Brazilian Grapetree (Myrciaria jaboticaba) is a fruit-bearing tree native to Brazil's Atlantic Forest and Cerrado, renowned for producing its dark purple fruits directly on the trunk and main branches — a phenomenon known as cauliflory. It is one of the most cultivated jaboticaba varieties in Brazil, prized for its sweet, thin-skinned fruits with juicy white pulp.
German tamarisk
Myricaria germanica
The German tamarisk (Myricaria germanica) is the only species of the Tamaricaceae family native to Central Europe. It is a deciduous shrub growing 60–250 cm tall, featuring rod-like, upright branches and tiny, scale-like leaves. It blooms between June and August, producing small flowers ranging from pale pink to white in dense racemes. A typical pioneer species, it colonizes gravelly and sandy banks of mountain and subalpine rivers, where periodic flooding and drought are common. In Hungary, it is a strictly protected and endangered species, now occurring only in a few, mostly secondary (man-made) habitats.
Parrot's feather
Myriophyllum aquaticum
Myriophyllum aquaticum, commonly known as parrot's feather, is a rhizomatous perennial aquatic plant native to the Amazon basin of South America. It produces creeping stems that root in submerged mud and erect stems that emerge from the water surface up to 12-24 inches, covered in bright light green pinnate leaves arranged in feathery whorls that resemble parrot feathers. In summer, it bears tiny, almost imperceptible white or yellowish flowers in the leaf axils of the emergent stems. Widely used ornamentally for ponds and aquariums due to its oxygenating and filtering action, this species is now listed as an invasive alien species of Union concern (EU Regulation 1143/2014): its cultivation, sale, and release into the wild are prohibited in Italy and the rest of the European Union, as it forms dense mats that choke waterways and displace native flora.
Cow Horn Orchid
Myrmecophila tibicinis
Myrmecophila tibicinis is a large epiphytic orchid native to seasonally dry tropical forests from Mexico through northern South America. Its hollow, cylindrical pseudobulbs — up to 45 cm tall — are colonized by ants in the wild in a mutualistic relationship that provides extra nutrients to the plant. Flowers are spectacular: magenta sepals and petals with bronze-orange tips, a large white lip with intense magenta veining, and a bright yellow central callus. The flower spike can exceed 1.5 m and bear up to 15 blooms.
African Boxwood
Myrsine africana
Myrsine africana is a compact, evergreen shrub native to Africa, Asia, and the Mediterranean. Its small, glossy, serrated leaves form a dense canopy, making it excellent for hedging, topiary, and garden borders. It is highly adaptable and drought-tolerant once established.
Guiana Rapanea
Myrsine guianensis
The Guiana Rapanea (Myrsine guianensis) is an evergreen shrub or small tree native to coastal areas, moist forests, and dry forests ranging from South Florida and the West Indies to Brazil and northern Argentina, including much of Colombia from sea level to nearly 3,300 meters in altitude. Its leaves are alternate, oblong-elliptic, 7 to 20 cm long, glossy bright green on the upper surface and paler underneath. The trunk typically branches in a candelabra shape, featuring reddish bark and long, flexible, nearly horizontal branches. It produces small, inconspicuous greenish-yellow flowers, followed by drupe fruits that ripen to a shiny black and are highly prized by birds. It is a very resilient species, capable of growing rapidly even in poor, eroded, or poorly drained soils.
Blue Candle Cactus
Myrtillocactus geometrizans
Myrtillocactus geometrizans, commonly known as the Blue Candle Cactus, is a striking columnar cactus native to central and northern Mexico. Its branching stems display a distinctive blue-green hue that intensifies with sun exposure, and the plant can reach heights of up to 5 meters in its native habitat. It produces small, edible berries called garambullos, similar in appearance to blueberries and long used by indigenous Mexican communities. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental specimen in dry gardens and as a grafting rootstock.
Common Myrtle
Myrtus
Myrtus (myrtle) is an aromatic evergreen shrub native to the Mediterranean, valued for its glossy dark-green leaves, fragrant white star-shaped flowers, and dark berries used in cooking and traditional remedies. Slow-to-medium growing and remarkably drought-tolerant once established, it thrives in full sun and well-drained soil, making it a popular choice for hedges, topiary, and containers.
Common Myrtle
Myrtus communis
Common myrtle (Myrtus communis) is an evergreen, aromatic shrub native to the Mediterranean region and a member of the Myrtaceae family. Its small, glossy leaves are packed with essential oils and release a strong fragrance when crushed. From late spring through summer the plant produces delicate white flowers with long, showy stamens, followed by small blue-black to purple berries that are edible and have been used for centuries in cooking and in liqueurs such as Sardinian mirto. Grown as an ornamental shrub, aromatic hedge, or even as a container bonsai, common myrtle is drought-tolerant and low-maintenance, and carries strong historical symbolism tied to love and fidelity.
Heavenly Bamboo / Sacred Bamboo (genus)
Nandina
Nandina is a compact, evergreen shrub native to eastern Asia (Japan, China, and the Himalayas), belonging to the family Berberidaceae. Despite its common name "Heavenly Bamboo," it is not a true bamboo. It features elegant foliage with brilliant red new growth, white spring flowers, and vibrant red berries in fall and winter. Widely used in ornamental landscaping across USDA zones 6-11.
Heavenly Bamboo
Nandina domestica
Heavenly Bamboo (Nandina domestica) is an evergreen shrub native to China and Japan, celebrated for its ornamental foliage that transitions from bronze-red in spring, through fresh green in summer, to vivid scarlet and burgundy in autumn and winter. Despite its common name, it is not a true bamboo but belongs to the Berberidaceae family. It produces airy panicles of small white flowers in late spring and clusters of brilliant red berries that persist through winter, making it a four-season garden standout.
Daffodil
Narcissus
Narcissus is a genus of predominantly spring-flowering perennial bulbous plants in the family Amaryllidaceae. The genus includes daffodils, jonquils, and paperwhites, offering a wide range of flower forms and colors from white to yellow, orange, and pink. Native mainly to Europe and North Africa.
Cyclamen Daffodil
Narcissus cyclamineus
Narcissus cyclamineus is a miniature daffodil species native to the Iberian Peninsula, particularly the humid meadows and stream banks of northwestern Portugal and Galicia, Spain. It is instantly recognizable by its fully reflexed perianth segments — swept back almost parallel to the stem — and its long, narrow, bright yellow trumpet. One of the most distinctive and legally protected wild daffodils in Europe, it blooms in late winter to early spring. As a bulbous perennial, it enters summer dormancy after flowering.
Paperwhite
Narcissus papyraceus
Narcissus papyraceus, commonly known as paperwhite, is a perennial bulbous plant in the Amaryllidaceae family, native to the Mediterranean region (from southern Portugal and Spain to Greece, plus Morocco and Algeria). It is widely grown to force indoor bloom in winter without needing a chilling period, producing clusters of intensely fragrant white flowers atop slender stems.
Poet's Narcissus
Narcissus poeticus
Poet's Narcissus (Narcissus poeticus) is a perennial bulb native to Southern Europe, celebrated for its pure white, intensely fragrant flowers with a distinctive yellow corona edged in red. One of the oldest cultivated daffodil species, it has been cherished since antiquity and remains a cornerstone of European perfumery. A spring bloomer, it goes dormant in summer after flowering.
Wild Daffodil
Narcissus pseudonarcissus
Narcissus pseudonarcissus, commonly called the wild daffodil or Lent lily, is a bulbous perennial in the Amaryllidaceae family native to Western Europe, including Britain. It produces a single nodding flower per stem with pale yellow outer petals surrounding a deeper yellow trumpet-shaped corona, blooming from late winter into early spring. The strap-like grey-green leaves emerge before the flower and die back completely by early summer as the bulb enters dormancy. All parts of the plant, especially the bulb, contain toxic alkaloids, most notably lycorine, making it unsafe for humans and pets to ingest.
Mexican feather grass
Nassella tenuissima
Nassella tenuissima, also known as Mexican feather grass, is a fine-textured ornamental bunchgrass native to Mexico, Texas, and Argentina. It forms soft, silky, thread-like blades that ripple and shimmer in the slightest breeze, turning from bright green to golden-tan as the seed heads mature in summer. Prized in xeriscaping and modern garden design, it thrives in poor, well-draining soil and full sun with minimal care once established. Note that it self-seeds readily and is considered invasive in parts of California and Australia.
Watercress
Nasturtium officinale
Watercress (Nasturtium officinale) is a perennial aquatic vegetable from the Brassicaceae family, native to Europe and Central Asia, where it grows spontaneously along the banks of clean, flowing streams and springs. Its hollow, floating stems easily root at the nodes in contact with waterlogged soil, forming dense clumps of dark green, rounded leaves with a pungent and slightly bitter taste. It is one of the oldest leafy vegetables cultivated by humans: it was already recommended by Hippocrates as an expectorant in Ancient Greece, and Greek soldiers consumed the plant believing it strengthened the body and mind. Today it is recognized as one of the most nutritious vegetables in the world, rich in vitamins A, C, and B complex, as well as iron, folic acid, and calcium.
Sacred Lotus
Nelumbo nucifera
The Sacred Lotus is an iconic perennial aquatic plant native to Asia, cultivated in ponds for its large, fragrant flowers (8 to 12 inches in diameter) held above broad, water-repellent round leaves. Hardy up to USDA zone 4 as long as the rhizomes do not freeze underwater, it enters winter dormancy (deciduous foliage) before regrowing vigorously in the spring. Sacred in Buddhism and Hinduism, it symbolizes the ability to bloom pure despite a muddy environment.
Goldfish Plant
Nematanthus gregarius
Nematanthus gregarius, popularly known as the Goldfish Plant, is an epiphytic plant native to the Brazilian tropical forests. Its leaves are small, oval, succulent in texture, and bright dark green. The common name comes from its tubular orange flowers that have a bulge on the lower part, closely resembling a small goldfish or 'platy'. It is a trailing plant, ideal for hanging baskets.
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