Complete Plant Guide
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Papaya
Carica papaya
Papaya (Carica papaya) is a fast-growing tropical fruit tree native to Central America and Mexico. One of the most widely cultivated tropical fruits in the world, it can begin bearing fruit within 4–8 months of planting. Its large, deeply lobed leaves, creamy-white flowers, and sweet orange fruits make it a striking presence in tropical and subtropical gardens.
Natal Plum
Carissa macrocarpa
Natal Plum (Carissa macrocarpa) is an evergreen shrub native to the coastal regions of South Africa. It produces fragrant, star-shaped white flowers and edible red berries resembling small plums. Widely used in landscaping for its exceptional tolerance to salt spray, wind, and drought, along with its glossy dark green foliage.
Acanthus-leaved carline thistle
Carlina acanthifolia
The Acanthus-leaved carline thistle (Carlina acanthifolia) is a stemless perennial native to European mountains, forming a rosette of large, spiny, pinnatifid leaves pressed against the ground. Its large solitary flower head, which can reach 15 cm in diameter, features pale golden-yellow inner bracts that act as a natural hygrometer: they close when bad weather approaches and open in dry weather, earning it the nickname 'barometer thistle.' A protected species in France, it is typical of dry limestone grasslands, rocky areas, and mountain meadows up to 1,800 meters in altitude.
Panama hat plant
Carludovica palmata
Carludovica palmata, popularly known as the Panama hat plant or toquilla palm, is a perennial herbaceous plant in the Cyclanthaceae family, native to the tropical rainforests stretching from southern Mexico to Bolivia. Despite its palm-like appearance, it does not belong to that family: it lacks a woody trunk and grows in clumps from a short or underground stem, with large fan-shaped leaves that can reach up to 1 meter in width and a total height between 1.5 and 4 meters. Its flowers, grouped in a spadix, are cream or whitish in tone, and its ripe fruits acquire orange or reddish hues. It is world-famous because the fibers extracted from its young leaves are hand-woven to create traditional jipijapa hats, erroneously called "Panama hats."
Fukien Tea Tree
Carmona retusa
Carmona retusa, commonly known as the Fukien Tea Tree, is a tropical evergreen shrub highly valued in the art of bonsai. It features small, glossy dark green leaves with a slightly rough texture due to fine hairs. It produces delicate white flowers that can appear year-round in warm climates, followed by small, decorative red berries.
Saguaro
Carnegiea gigantea
The Saguaro (Carnegiea gigantea) is the largest cactus in North America, native to the Sonoran Desert of the United States and Mexico. Recognizable by its towering height of up to 60 feet (18 m) and iconic branching arms, it is the symbol of the American Southwest and the state of Arizona. Saguaro grows extremely slowly — only about 1–1.5 inches per year — and can live for over 200 years.
European Hornbeam
Carpinus betulus
The European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) is a hardy deciduous tree native to Europe and parts of western Asia, prized for its dense, fine-textured foliage and smooth, fluted grey bark. It responds exceptionally well to clipping, which is why it is one of the most popular species for formal hedges and topiary, and its small leaves and compact root system also make it a favorite subject for bonsai.
Sally-my-handsome
Carpobrotus acinaciformis
Carpobrotus acinaciformis is a fast-growing, mat-forming succulent native to the coastal dunes of South Africa. It produces spectacular magenta flowers up to 15 cm wide and features thick, sickle-shaped leaves. Widely used as ground cover in coastal and Mediterranean gardens.
Hottentot Fig
Carpobrotus edulis
Hottentot Fig (Carpobrotus edulis) is a fast-spreading succulent groundcover native to the coastal regions of South Africa. Its fleshy, triangular leaves form dense mats that can extend several meters. It produces showy daisy-like flowers in yellow, purple, or pink during spring and summer, followed by edible fig-like fruits. Considered highly invasive in Mediterranean climates, California, and coastal Australia.
Pecan
Carya illinoinensis
The Pecan (Carya illinoinensis) is a large, majestic deciduous tree native to the southern United States and northern Mexico. It is the most economically important nut tree native to North America, prized for its sweet, buttery nuts and high-quality wood. The tree features a massive canopy with pinnately compound leaves and produces inconspicuous green catkins in the spring. It is a long-lived species that can reach heights of over 100 feet in ideal conditions.
Pequi Tree
Caryocar brasiliense
The Pequi Tree (Caryocar brasiliense) is a native tree of the Brazilian Cerrado savanna, iconic to the culture of Central Brazil. With deciduous leaves and fragrant white flowers pollinated by bats, it produces the famous pequi fruit, rich in carotenoids, vitamin C and fatty acids. It can reach 6 to 11 meters in height, with slow growth, taking 4 to 8 years to produce fruit. It is a keystone species for Cerrado biodiversity, serving as food for birds, mammals and bats.
Bluebeard
Caryopteris × clandonensis
Bluebeard (Caryopteris × clandonensis) is a low-growing, deciduous ornamental shrub from the mint family (Lamiaceae), which covers itself with vibrant blue, fragrant flowers from late summer to autumn. Its grayish-green, aromatic leaves when crushed, and compact size of 60-120 cm, make it a popular choice for sunny gardens, as a bee pasture, and for low hedges.
Fishtail Palm
Caryota mitis
Caryota mitis is a fascinating and distinct palm, known for its unique leaves that resemble fish fins or tails. Native to Southeast Asia, it grows in dense clumps, making it excellent for creating natural privacy screens or as a dramatic focal point in spacious interiors. Its leaves are dark green and bipinnate, providing a rich, tropical texture to the environment. It is important to note that its fruits contain calcium oxalate crystals that can cause skin irritation.
Jaggery Palm
Caryota urens
Caryota urens, commonly known as the Jaggery Palm or Solitary Fishtail Palm, is a tall tropical monocarpic palm native to India, Sri Lanka, and Southeast Asia. It is distinguished by its unique bipinnate leaves with fishtail-shaped leaflets. The plant flowers just once in its 20 to 25 year lifespan. The sap and fruit contain stinging calcium oxalate crystals that irritate skin and mucous membranes.
Yellow Oleander
Cascabela thevetia
Yellow Oleander (Cascabela thevetia, syn. Thevetia peruviana) is an evergreen tropical shrub or small tree native to Mexico and Central America, now cultivated worldwide as an ornamental for its glossy, willow-like foliage and fragrant, funnel-shaped yellow to apricot flowers that bloom from summer through fall. WARNING: every part of this plant — leaves, flowers, stems, sap, and especially the seeds — contains potent cardiac glycosides (thevetin A and B, peruvoside, neriifolin) and is SEVERELY TOXIC to humans, cats, and dogs if ingested, potentially causing life-threatening heart arrhythmias. Keep away from children and pets, and always wear gloves when handling it — the sap can also irritate skin.
Golden shower tree
Cassia fistula
The golden shower tree (Cassia fistula) is a deciduous tree in the Fabaceae family, native to South Asia. It reaches 10 to 15 m in height and is famous for its spectacular hanging clusters of golden-yellow flowers that appear in spring and summer. After flowering, it produces long, dark brown cylindrical pods. It is the national tree of Thailand and one of the most prized tropical ornamental species in the world.
Sweet Chestnut
Castanea sativa
The Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa) is a large deciduous tree native to southern Europe and Asia Minor. Cultivated since antiquity for its edible nuts and durable timber, it is one of Europe's most iconic trees. It can live for centuries and grow to impressive heights, making it a majestic feature in rural landscapes and large parks.
Blackbean
Castanospermum australe
Castanospermum australe, commonly known as Blackbean or Moreton Bay Chestnut, is a slow-growing tropical tree native to the rainforests of eastern Australia. As a houseplant, it is prized for its ornamental seeds and lush dark-green glossy foliage, and is popular as a "lucky bean" plant. WARNING: raw seeds are TOXIC — they contain castanospermine, saponins, and alkaloids; safe only after proper processing.
Wholeleaf Indian Paintbrush
Castilleja integra
Castilleja integra (Wholeleaf Indian Paintbrush) is a perennial wildflower native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Its vivid scarlet-to-orange bracts resemble a paintbrush dipped in red paint, while the true flowers hide within. A facultative root hemiparasite, it taps into neighboring plant roots to extract water and nutrients.
Casuarina
Casuarina equisetifolia
Casuarina equisetifolia is a fast-growing tree native to Australia, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific Islands, now widely naturalized in tropical and subtropical coastal regions worldwide. Despite its conifer-like appearance, it is an angiosperm: its thin, jointed, horsetail-like branches replace true leaves (which are reduced to scales) and perform photosynthesis, drastically reducing water loss through evapotranspiration. It can reach 15 to 40 meters in height, with a straight trunk and rough, fissured grayish to brownish bark. Its roots form a symbiosis with Frankia bacteria, fixing atmospheric nitrogen and improving poor soils. It is extremely tolerant of salinity, strong winds, and sandy soils, making it one of the most used species globally for dune stabilization and coastal erosion control.
Water Whorlgrass
Catabrosa aquatica
Water whorlgrass is a low, stoloniferous semi-aquatic grass native to wet meadows, stream margins and pond edges across the temperate Northern Hemisphere. It forms creeping mats of pale green, glossy blades and sends up loose, airy flower panicles in summer. Because it roots readily at the nodes, it spreads steadily along muddy banks and shallow water, making it a useful marginal or bog-garden species rather than a houseplant.
Southern Catalpa
Catalpa bignonioides
Catalpa bignonioides, commonly known as the Southern Catalpa or Indian Bean Tree, is a fast-growing deciduous tree native to the southeastern United States, particularly the lower Mississippi Valley region of Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, and Florida. Celebrated for its dramatic ornamental qualities, it produces enormous heart-shaped leaves up to 30 cm across and spectacular clusters of trumpet-shaped white flowers with yellow and purple markings in late spring to early summer. The tree reaches a mature height of 12–18 metres with a broad, irregular crown spanning 10–12 metres, making it an impressive shade tree for large gardens and parks. Its most distinctive feature — besides the showy flowers — is the production of long, slender seed pods resembling cigars or beans, which hang from the branches well into winter and give rise to several of its common names. Catalpa bignonioides has been widely cultivated across Europe and North America since the 18th century. It thrives in full sun to partial shade and tolerates a wide range of soil conditions, including clay and periodically waterlogged soils. The species is notably drought-tolerant once established and hardy in USDA zones 5–9, making it adaptable to many temperate climates.
Northern Catalpa
Catalpa speciosa
Northern Catalpa (Catalpa speciosa) is a large, fast-growing deciduous tree native to the central eastern United States. It is renowned for its showy white bell-shaped flowers with purple and yellow markings in late spring, and its distinctive long cigar-shaped seedpods that persist through winter. Widely planted as a shade and ornamental tree in parks, large gardens, and urban streetscapes, it is valued for its adaptability to a wide range of soil and climate conditions.
Cupid's dart
Catananche caerulea
Catananche caerulea, commonly known as Cupid's dart, is a short-lived perennial ornamental plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. It is native to the western Mediterranean, Southern Europe (Spain, Portugal, France, Italy), and North Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia). Its grayish-green, narrow leaves form a basal rosette and are covered with fine, downy hairs. Growing 30–60 cm tall, its branched stems are topped with papery, bluish-purple (rarely white) flower heads with dark centers. These bloom from early summer to late autumn, decorating the garden and attracting butterflies. They remain decorative even when dried, making them a popular choice for dried flower arrangements.
Fern-grass
Catapodium rigidum
Catapodium rigidum, known as fern-grass, is a small and elegant annual grass native to the Mediterranean region and Western Europe. Its stems are stiff and branched, creating a geometric appearance reminiscent of small fern fronds. It is a pioneer plant that thrives in poor soils, rock crevices, and coastal dunes, being extremely resistant to drought and heat.
Catasetum
Catasetum
Catasetum is a genus of roughly 166 species of deciduous, epiphytic orchids native to the tropical forests of Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, and South America as far south as Argentina. Plants form clusters of ribbed, fleshy pseudobulbs topped with pleated leaves that are shed completely once each year. Catasetum is famous among orchid growers for producing separate male and female flowers, sometimes even on the same inflorescence, and for its explosive pollination mechanism: brushing the antennae-like appendages on a male flower triggers the column to catapult a sticky pollen packet onto a visiting insect.
Madagascar periwinkle
Catharanthus roseus
Catharanthus roseus, commonly known as the Madagascar periwinkle, is a hardy evergreen subshrub. It features glossy, oval-shaped dark green leaves with a pale midrib and produces abundant five-petaled flowers. While native to Madagascar, it has become a staple in tropical and subtropical gardens worldwide due to its heat tolerance and continuous blooming habit.
Corsage Orchid
Cattleya
Cattleya is an iconic genus of approximately 110 epiphytic and lithophytic orchid species native to the tropical Americas, ranging from Mexico to Argentina. Known as the "Queen of Orchids," the genus is celebrated for its large, fragrant, and showy flowers in vivid shades of pink, lavender, white, and yellow. In the Bloom database, a legacy entry "Cattleya spp" exists as an older collective reference for the genus. This "Cattleya" entry was created specifically for genus-level matching from Plant.id automated identifications.
Easter Cattleya
Cattleya intermedia
Cattleya intermedia is an epiphytic orchid native to the Atlantic coastal forests of southern Brazil (São Paulo, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul states), as well as Uruguay and Argentina. It grows on rocks and tree branches in humid coastal environments. The species produces large, fragrant, long-lasting flowers in white, lavender, and pale pink with a vibrant magenta lip, blooming in spring and summer.
Crimson Cattleya
Cattleya labiata
Cattleya labiata is an epiphytic orchid native to northeastern Brazil, found in states such as Ceará, Pernambuco, Bahia, Sergipe, Alagoas, and Paraíba. Known as the "Queen of the Sertão" (Brazilian outback), it is one of Brazil's most emblematic orchids and was officially designated as the flower symbol of Ceará state in 2025. Its club-shaped pseudobulbs can reach 25cm in height, with a single thick, leathery light-green leaf. It produces 2 to 5 flowers per bloom, each measuring 15-20cm, in shades of pink, lilac, purple, and white, with a vibrant lip and a distinctive fragrance that inspired the famous Chanel N°5 perfume.
Mendel's Cattleya
Cattleya mendelii
Cattleya mendelii, commonly known as Mendel's Cattleya, is a stunning epiphytic orchid native to the cloud forests of Colombia. It produces large, showy flowers with white to pale pink petals and sepals, crowned by a magnificent crimson-purple lip with a yellow throat. Celebrated for its intense fragrance and elegant blooms, it is considered one of the most graceful species in the Cattleya genus. It grows as a unifoliate epiphyte, meaning each pseudobulb bears a single leaf, and blooms reliably in late spring.
Cattleya Orchid
Cattleya spp
Cattleya (Cattleya spp) is a genus of epiphytic orchids native to the Atlantic Forest of Brazil and other tropical regions of South and Central America. Known as the Queen of Orchids, it produces large, showy flowers in vibrant shades of purple, pink, white, yellow, and orange. It is among the most cultivated orchids in the world, prized by collectors and orchid enthusiasts alike.
Christmas Orchid
Cattleya trianae
Cattleya trianae, the Christmas Orchid or Winter Cattleya, is the national flower of Colombia. This epiphytic orchid from the Andean cloud forests produces spectacular blooms in shades of purple, white, and pink with a distinctive lip, flowering from late December through early spring.
Wittig's Cattleya
Cattleya wittigiana
Cattleya wittigiana is a mini-miniature epiphytic orchid native to the misty cloud forests of the Mata Atlantica in Espirito Santo and Minas Gerais, Brazil, where it clings to mossy, rough-barked trees at elevations of 700-2000 m. Formerly classified as Sophronitis wittigiana (and closely related to Cattleya coccinea), it produces tiny globular pseudobulbs, each topped with a single stiff leathery leaf, yet surprises growers with rose-pink to magenta flowers 4-6.5 cm across during the winter months. In habitat it is pollinated by hummingbirds and thrives in cool, bright, windy, humid conditions typical of exposed mountain ridges.
Inland Jersey Tea
Ceanothus herbaceus
Inland Jersey Tea (Ceanothus herbaceus) is a compact, deciduous shrub native to prairies, rocky glades, and sandy hills across central and eastern North America. Growing 2–3 feet tall, it produces dense clusters of small white flowers in spring and early summer, attracting butterflies and native pollinators. Exceptionally drought-tolerant once established, it thrives in poor, well-drained soils and requires minimal care, making it ideal for native plant gardens and low-maintenance landscapes.
Blueblossom
Ceanothus thyrsiflorus
Ceanothus thyrsiflorus, known as blueblossom, is an evergreen shrub or small tree native to the coastal ranges of California and Oregon. Valued for its dense clusters of powder-blue to deep-blue flowers that bloom in spring, it belongs to the buckthorn family (Rhamnaceae) and thrives in Mediterranean-climate gardens.
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