Complete Plant Guide
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Great Scented Liverwort
Conocephalum
Conocephalum is a genus of thallose liverworts (bryophytes) in the family Conocephalaceae, best known for the distinctive hexagonal patterning on their thallus surface resembling snake scales β earning them the nickname "snakeskin liverwort." These non-vascular plants thrive in shaded, moist habitats such as stream banks, wet rocks, and forest floors. They are widely used in terrariums, vivariums, and paludariums as a lush, low-growing green carpet.
milky conecap
Conocybe apala
Conocybe apala, commonly known as the milky conecap, is a saprobic mushroom that frequently appears in lawns, pastures, and compost heaps. It is characterized by its fragile, pale cream to white conical cap and thin, brittle stem. These mushrooms are ephemeral, often appearing in the early morning after rain or heavy dew and collapsing by midday when exposed to the sun.
Cone plant
Conophytum
Conophytum is a genus of about 106 species of dwarf succulents in the family Aizoaceae, native to southern Namibia and the Western and Northern Cape of South Africa, where they grow in rock crevices, quartz gravel and stony slopes. Each "body" is a pair of almost fully fused leaves shaped like a button, heart, cone or sphere, up to about 2.5 cm tall; many species form cushions of dozens of bodies. The surface can be smooth or hairy, green, bluish or yellowish, sometimes with dark dots and lines or translucent "windows". They grow in autumn and winter and rest in summer, when the old leaves dry into a papery sheath that protects the new pair. In autumn they open white, yellow, pink, magenta or orange flowers; many are nocturnal and scented. Growth is very slow: a 50-year-old plant may be no bigger than a walnut.
Cone Plant
Conophytum angelicae subsp. tetragonum
Conophytum angelicae subsp. tetragonum is a tiny, cushion-forming or loose-clumping mesemb succulent from the Aizoaceae family. The tetragonum subspecies is characterized by its square (tetragonal) cross-section, with body pairs measuring only 12-18 mm in diameter, featuring a smooth or slightly faceted, light beige-greyish-green epidermis. It is native to the rocky desert scrub of northwestern South Africa, specifically the Richtersveld and Namaqualand (ranging from East Richtersveld to Concordia, Pofader, and Warmbad in Bushmanland). A typical winter-growing 'living stone,' it enters dormancy in summer, during which the old leaf pair dries out into a papery sheath to protect the new pair developing beneath. In autumn, it produces small, fragrant, nocturnal flowers with bronze, pale yellow, or purplish-red petals.
Burger's Onion
Conophytum burgeri
Conophytum burgeri is a dwarf and highly compact succulent, endemic to a very restricted area of Bushmanland in the Northern Cape Province, South Africa, between Springbok and Pofadder. It consists of a single fleshy, onion-shaped body with a small fissure at the top from which the flower and new pair of leaves emerge. Its epidermis is smooth, shiny, and translucent, with coloration ranging from light green to purple, often taking on reddish-purple tones under intense sun. Over time, it may slowly divide to form small clusters of up to about five bodies. In nature, it grows in rocky and clayey soil among quartz pebbles, relying on winter mists and dew to survive the arid climate. It blooms in early autumn (April-May in the Southern Hemisphere), with sweet-scented purple flowers that open for a few hours in the late afternoon.
False Rosemary
Conradina
Conradina is a small genus of about seven aromatic, evergreen shrubs in the mint family (Lamiaceae), native to the sandy scrublands and coastal dunes of the southeastern United States, especially Florida. Commonly called false rosemary for its needle-like, gray-green leaves and rosemary-like scent, the plants form dense, rounded mounds 60-90 cm tall covered in small two-lipped purple, lavender, or white flowers from spring through fall. Highly drought-tolerant and adapted to poor, well-drained sandy soils, Conradina species are popular in xeriscaping, pollinator gardens, and coastal restoration plantings. Several species, including C. brevifolia, C. etonia, and C. glabra, are rare and federally protected.
Caribbean Tree Cactus
Consolea falcata
Consolea falcata is a rare tree cactus from Hispaniola, in the prickly pear subfamily (Opuntioideae). In the wild it has been recorded from a single spot on the coast of north-western Haiti, near Port-de-Paix, where fewer than a dozen plants grew on bare limestone a few metres above the sea; that population may have been lost in the 2008 floods, and the species is listed as Critically Endangered. It grows as a small tree or shrub 1.5-2 m tall with upright, very dark, glossy green arms. Its flat pads are long and narrow, up to 35 cm by 9 cm, and are often curved like a sickle, which gives the plant its name (from the Latin falx, sickle). Pads carry glochids and either no spines or a few yellowish to pale brown ones, 1-4 cm long. The flowers are red, up to 5 cm across. Like other Consolea, plants are usually male or female and are pollinated by hummingbirds.
Road Kill Cactus
Consolea rubescens
Consolea rubescens is a tall, tree-like cactus from the Cactaceae family, native to the Caribbean islands (Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles). It forms a woody trunk from which flattened, oval segments (pads) grow, taking on a reddish-purple hue in strong sunlight. In nature, it can reach up to 6 meters in height. In spring and summer, yellow-orange-red flowers appear, followed by edible, tart fruits.
Lily of the Valley
Convallaria majalis
Lily of the Valley (Convallaria majalis) is a delicate, shade-loving perennial native to the cool temperate woodlands of Europe and Asia. It produces elegant, arching stems adorned with pairs of lance-shaped leaves and dainty, bell-shaped white flowers with an intensely sweet fragrance. Despite its delicate appearance, it is a vigorous spreader that forms dense ground-covering colonies. All parts of the plant are highly toxic due to cardiac glycosides, making it dangerous to children and pets.
Silverbush
Convolvulus
Convolvulus is a genus in the Convolvulaceae family that ranges from climbers and ground covers to small shrubs, such as the silver-leaved silverbush (Convolvulus cneorum). They bear funnel- or trumpet-shaped flowers in white, pink and blue that open with the sun. They are prized in dry gardens, borders and containers.
Field Bindweed
Convolvulus arvensis
Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) is a fast-growing, rhizomatous perennial vine in the morning glory family. Native to Europe and Asia, it has become a widespread and highly invasive weed across temperate regions worldwide. Its funnel-shaped white or pale pink flowers open in summer, while its deep, extensive root system makes it notoriously difficult to eradicate once established.
Dwarf Morning Glory
Convolvulus tricolor
Convolvulus tricolor, commonly known as Dwarf Morning Glory, is a compact annual plant native to the Mediterranean region. It produces stunning trumpet-shaped flowers with a characteristic tricolor pattern β deep blue or purple petals surrounding a white ring and bright yellow center. Each flower lasts only one day, but the plant blooms prolifically throughout summer, creating a continuous display of color in borders, containers, and ground cover plantings.
Argentine fleabane
Conyza bonariensis
Conyza bonariensis is an annual (occasionally biennial) herbaceous plant native to South America, belonging to the Asteraceae family. It is characterized by erect growth branching from the base, a height of 20-100 cm, and grey-green foliage covered in stiff bristles. The flowers are small, in capitula, with yellow disc florets and creamy bracts. It is one of the most problematic invasive plants in cultivated areas, notably resistant to glyphosate, primarily affecting soybean and corn crops.
Cookeina tricholoma
Cookeina tricholoma
Cookeina tricholoma is a tropical ascomycete fungus known for its vibrant cup shape and distinct marginal hairs. Found on decaying wood in humid forests, it displays colors ranging from pink to reddish-orange. It is not a plant, but a saprophytic fungus essential for the decomposition of organic matter.
Carnauba Palm
Copernicia prunifera
Copernicia prunifera, the carnauba palm, is a fan palm endemic to the semi-arid Caatinga of northeastern Brazil (Ceara, Piaui, Maranhao, Rio Grande do Norte and Bahia), where it grows along rivers and in seasonally flooded ground that receives only about 800mm of poorly distributed rainfall a year. Mature specimens reach up to 20m tall on a slim, ringed trunk topped by a dense crown of stiff, blue-green fan leaves, and can live for two centuries. It is nicknamed "arvore da vida" (tree of life) in Brazil because almost every part is used, most famously the fine wax coating its fronds, harvested and refined into carnauba wax -- the hardest natural wax in commercial use, prized for polishes, cosmetics and coatings.
Flocculose inkcap
Coprinellus flocculosus
Coprinellus flocculosus is a short-lived, saprotrophic fungal species recognizable by its distinctive cap covered in flaky, whitish veil remnants. Initially ovoid, it becomes bell-shaped before eventually liquefying into a black ink (autolysis), which gives the 'inkcap' family its name. It often appears in clusters on decaying wood, wood chips, or nitrogen-rich soil.
Shaggy mane
Coprinus comatus
The shaggy mane is a striking, edible mushroom known for its cylindrical, white, scaly cap. As it matures, the edges of the cap curl upward and dissolve into a black, spore-bearing liquid (ink). It frequently grows in clusters on lawns, in gardens, and along roadsides.
Mirror Plant
Coprosma repens
Coprosma repens, commonly known as the Mirror Plant, is a glossy-leaved evergreen shrub native to New Zealand. Its highly reflective, lacquered leaves give it the distinctive mirror-like appearance that inspired its name. It is an exceptionally tough coastal plant, tolerating salt spray, wind, and drought once established, making it a popular choice for hedging and screening in exposed gardens.
Threeleaf Goldthread
Coptis trifolia
Coptis trifolia, commonly known as Threeleaf Goldthread or Canker Root, is a small evergreen perennial native to boreal forests of North America and East Asia. It forms low-growing mats of glossy trifoliate leaves, with delicate white flowers in spring and summer. Its most distinctive feature is its bright golden-yellow underground rhizomes, from which it derives its common name. The plant contains berberine alkaloids and was historically used by indigenous peoples for treating mouth ulcers and as a bitter tonic.
Jute Mallow
Corchorus olitorius
Corchorus olitorius is a fast-growing, erect annual herb in the mallow family (Malvaceae), prized across Africa, the Middle East, and Asia as a leafy vegetable. Left to mature it can reach 1.5-3.5 m, with slender green stems, serrated glossy leaves, and small solitary yellow flowers followed by slender ridged seed pods. Young shoots and leaves are harvested repeatedly for cooking -- most famously in Egyptian molokhia soup -- and the stem fibers can also be spun into jute-like textiles.
Cordia
Cordia
Cordias are the plants of the genus Cordia, about 230 species of shrubs and trees from tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Most have rough, often sandpapery leaves and clusters of funnel-shaped flowers, followed by small fleshy fruits with sticky pulp. The most planted are the geiger tree (C. sebestena), with orange-red flowers, the white-flowered Texas olive or anacahuita (C. boissieri), the coastal kou (C. subcordata) and the Assyrian plum (C. myxa), grown for its edible fruit.
Spanish Elm
Cordia alliodora
The Spanish Elm (Cordia alliodora) is a tree in the Boraginaceae family, native to the tropical forests of the Americas, ranging from Mexico to Argentina. It can reach up to 30 meters in height, featuring a cylindrical, fluted trunk and branches with hollow nodes that often serve as nesting sites for ants and stingless bees. Its name 'alliodora' refers to the characteristic garlic-like scent emitted by its wood. It is a fast-growing deciduous tree, highly valued as a timber species, for shade in coffee and cocoa agroforestry systems, and as an ornamental for its abundant, fragrant white flowers that primarily bloom during the dry season.
Ti Plant
Cordyline
Cordyline is a genus of tropical and subtropical plants prized for their striking foliage in shades of green, red, purple, and pink. Widely grown as both a houseplant and a garden specimen, they are primarily cultivated for their bold ornamental appearance.
Cabbage Tree
Cordyline australis
Cordyline australis, commonly known as the Cabbage Tree or TΔ« kΕuka, is an iconic palm-like tree native to New Zealand. Despite its tropical appearance, it is a remarkably hardy outdoor specimen that can tolerate temperatures as low as -7Β°C. It produces long, sword-shaped leaves that form a dramatic architectural crown, and mature trees develop a thick, fibrous trunk. In summer, established plants produce spectacular frothy spikes of tiny, fragrant white flowers. A beloved symbol of New Zealand landscapes, it is widely used as a bold architectural plant in gardens and streetscapes worldwide.
Ti Plant
Cordyline fruticosa
Cordyline fruticosa, commonly known as the Ti Plant or Hawaiian Good Luck Plant, is a striking tropical shrub native to Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands. Famous for its bold, lance-shaped leaves that come in a stunning array of colors β deep red, pink, purple, and variegated combinations β this plant is as ornamental as it is culturally significant. In Hawaiian and Polynesian traditions, the Ti Plant is considered sacred and is believed to bring good luck and ward off evil spirits.
Ti Plant
Cordyline terminalis
Cordyline terminalis, commonly known as the Ti Plant or Hawaiian Ti, is a striking tropical ornamental in the family Asparagaceae, native to Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands. It is celebrated for its bold, sword-shaped leaves that come in a stunning range of colors β from deep greens to rich burgundy, red, and pink. Revered as sacred in Hawaiian and Polynesian cultures, it symbolizes good luck and spiritual protection. Note: it is toxic to cats, dogs, and humans if ingested (contains saponins).
Large-flowered Tickseed
Coreopsis grandiflora
Coreopsis grandiflora, commonly known as Coreopsis or Tickseed, is a perennial plant native to North America, belonging to the Asteraceae family. Its radiant golden flowers bloom from late spring through summer, attracting pollinators such as bees and butterflies. It is an extremely hardy, drought-tolerant plant that is easy to grow.
Plains Coreopsis
Coreopsis tinctoria
Plains Coreopsis (Coreopsis tinctoria) is a cheerful annual wildflower native to North America, producing masses of bright daisy-like flowers in yellow, red, burgundy, and gold from spring through fall. A staple of prairie meadows, it thrives in full sun with minimal care, making it a favorite for wildflower gardens and pollinator habitats.
Threadleaf Coreopsis
Coreopsis verticillata
Threadleaf coreopsis is a bushy, drought-tolerant perennial prized for its fine, needle-like foliage arranged in whorls and its abundance of small, star-shaped, butter-yellow flowers. Native to the southeastern United States, it forms dense clumps 60-90 cm tall and wide, blooming profusely from late spring through fall. It is a low-maintenance garden staple, popular in borders, rock gardens, and pollinator plantings.
Coriander
Coriandrum sativum
Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) is a fast-growing annual herb from the Apiaceae family, native to the Mediterranean and Middle East. Both its fresh leaves (known as cilantro) and dried seeds are widely used in cuisines across the globe. The plant grows 30β60 cm tall and produces small white or pink flowers in spring and summer before setting seed.
Service tree
Cormus domestica
The service tree (Cormus domestica, syn. Sorbus domestica) is a deciduous fruit tree belonging to the rose family (Rosaceae), native to Southern and Central Europe as well as North Africa, and is widespread in Hungary. It is an exceptionally long-lived species that can grow up to 15 meters tall and live for centuries, though it typically only begins to bear fruit at a much older age, usually between 15-20 years. Following its white flowers that bloom in May, it ripens small, yellowish-red fruits resembling apples or pears; these are tart and tannic when raw but develop a sweet-tart flavor after bletting (softening).
Dogwood
Cornus
Cornus, commonly known as dogwood, is a genus of approximately 60 species of flowering shrubs and small trees belonging to the family Cornaceae. Native primarily to the Northern Hemisphere, dogwoods are celebrated for their spectacular spring blossoms β the showy "petals" are actually modified leaves (bracts) surrounding small true flowers β their stunning autumn foliage, and their ornamental winter stems in vivid red, yellow, or green. Species range from low groundcovers to trees reaching 12 metres, making them versatile additions to gardens, woodland edges, and landscape borders.
Red-Barked Dogwood
Cornus alba
Cornus alba, commonly known as the Red-Barked Dogwood or Tatarian Dogwood, is a deciduous shrub native to Siberia and northeastern Asia. It is prized for its striking bright-red stems that provide vivid winter color when leaves have fallen. In spring, it produces flat-topped clusters of small creamy-white flowers, followed by white to bluish berries that attract birds. The dark green leaves develop beautiful reddish-purple tones in autumn, making this shrub a true four-season plant.
Flowering Dogwood
Cornus florida
Cornus florida, commonly known as the Flowering Dogwood, is a stunning small deciduous tree native to eastern North America. Beloved for its spectacular spring display of white or pink bracts that surround tiny true flowers, it also features brilliant red berries in fall and vibrant scarlet foliage. It is the state tree of Virginia and Missouri, and the state flower of North Carolina.
Kousa Dogwood
Cornus kousa
Cornus kousa is a small deciduous tree native to East Asia: China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan and the eastern Himalaya. It reaches 6-9 m tall with a broad, rounded crown. In late spring and early summer, after the leaves are out, it is covered in white star-shaped "flowers": actually four pointed bracts, 5-7 cm long, around a button of tiny true flowers. The bracts often turn pinkish as they age. Late in summer come round red fruits that look like large raspberries, with sweet, custardy pulp. In autumn the leaves turn red to purple, and the bark of older trunks peels in patches into a mosaic.
Cornelian Cherry
Cornus mas
Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas) is a deciduous shrub or small tree native to southern Europe and western Asia, belonging to the family Cornaceae. One of the earliest plants to bloom, it produces clusters of small bright yellow flowers on bare branches in late winter or early spring before the leaves emerge. The glossy red, olive-shaped fruits ripen in late summer and are edible, traditionally used in jams, syrups, sauces, and liqueurs. The plant offers multi-season ornamental interest through its exfoliating bark and reddish autumn foliage.
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