Complete Plant Guide
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πΊοΈ Plants by City3941 plants found
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Mountain Pine
Pinus mugo
Pinus mugo, commonly known as Mountain Pine or Mugo Pine, is a hardy evergreen conifer native to the mountains of Central and Southern Europe, including the Alps, Carpathians, and Pyrenees. It typically grows as a spreading shrub or small tree up to 3 meters tall, featuring paired dark green needles and small dark brown ovoid cones. Exceptionally cold-hardy and wind-resistant, it thrives in poor, rocky, well-drained soils at high altitudes. Widely used in rock gardens, alpine landscaping, erosion control, and as a bonsai subject.
Austrian Pine
Pinus nigra
The Austrian pine (Pinus nigra) is a robust, fast-growing evergreen conifer native to the mountains of Central and Southern Europe, from Austria down through the Balkans and into parts of Turkey and North Africa. It forms a dense, broadly pyramidal crown with stiff, dark green needles borne in pairs and grey-brown, deeply fissured bark. Prized for its toughness, it tolerates poor, alkaline, and compacted soils, urban pollution, coastal salt spray, and strong winds, making it a favorite for windbreaks, reforestation, and street planting throughout temperate climates.
Stone Pine
Pinus pinea
Pinus pinea, the stone pine, is a large Mediterranean conifer famous for its broad, umbrella-shaped crown and for the edible pine nuts (pinoli) held in its rounded cones. It has stiff, dark green paired needles and reddish, fissured bark, and can reach 20 to 25 metres over a long, slow life. Its distinctive silhouette is a hallmark of the Italian and Iberian landscape.
Ponderosa Pine
Pinus ponderosa
The Ponderosa Pine is a massive, iconic conifer of the American West. It is easily recognized by its long, dark-green needles that grow in bundles of three and its thick, plate-like bark that develops a beautiful orange-brown hue and a scent reminiscent of vanilla or butterscotch as the tree matures.
Smooth-bark Mexican Pine
Pinus pseudostrobus
The Smooth-bark Mexican Pine (Pinus pseudostrobus) is a large conifer native to the highlands of Mexico and Central America, where it grows in pine-oak forests between 850 and 3,250 meters in altitude. It is distinguished by its smooth, grayish bark in young specimens, which becomes rougher and cracked with age, and by its long, drooping needles grouped in fascicles of five. In its natural habitat, it can exceed 30 meters in height, with a dense, rounded crown. It is a fast-growing species, drought-tolerant once established, and valued both for its timber and its ornamental use in temperate to warm climates.
Scots Pine
Pinus sylvestris
Pinus sylvestris, known as the Scots Pine, is a majestic conifer native to Eurasia. It is easily recognizable by its bark, which becomes orange and flaky on the upper part of the trunk, and its blue-green needles arranged in pairs. It is one of the hardiest trees in the world, capable of thriving in Arctic climates and poor, sandy soils.
Matico
Piper aduncum
Piper aduncum, popularly known as matico or spiked pepper, is a perennial shrub or small tree native to Central and South America, common in Brazil, where it grows in secondary forests, forest edges, and riverbanks. It grows rapidly, reaching 2 to 8 meters in height, with aromatic, pungent-tasting leaves and elongated, white to pale-yellow floral spikes that can appear year-round. It is widely valued in traditional Amazonian medicine for its healing, antiseptic, and antimicrobial properties.
Wild Betel
Piper sarmentosum
Wild betel (Piper sarmentosum) is an evergreen perennial plant from the Piperaceae family, native to Southeast Asia. Its creeping stems root at the nodes and form a dense mat, with upright shoots reaching about 50 cm. Its heart-shaped, glossy green leaves with a peppery taste are widely used in cooking (la lot leaves, mieng kham) and traditional medicine.
Cowfoot
Piper umbellatum
The Cowfoot (Piper umbellatum) is a perennial subshrub in the Piperaceae family, native to the tropical regions of the Americas, including nearly all of Brazil. It can reach 3 to 13 feet in height in its natural habitat, though it remains more compact when grown in pots. Its leaves are large, rounded to cordate (heart-shaped), with prominent palmate venation and long petioles that optimize light capture in shaded environments. The inflorescences appear as erect axillary spikes, yellowish-white in color, followed by brownish pyramidal fruits. It grows naturally at the edges of primary forests, secondary forests, riparian forests, and shaded riverside areas.
Alligator Tree
Piptadenia gonoacantha
The Alligator Tree is a native species of the Atlantic Forest, reaching 26 to 65 feet in height. It is easily recognized by its corky trunk featuring longitudinal and transverse ridges that resemble alligator skinβthe origin of its common name. The leaves are bipinnate with dozens of pairs of leaflets, forming a wide and sparse canopy. Small white to cream-colored flowers gather in axillary spikes, attracting large numbers of bees during the flowering season. As a fast-growing pioneer species, it is essential for restoring degraded areas and reforestation due to its ability to fix nitrogen in the soil through bacteria associated with its roots.
VassourΓ£o-branco
Piptocarpha angustifolia
The VassourΓ£o-branco (Piptocarpha angustifolia) is a tree native to Brazil, belonging to the Asteraceae family. It is found in the Atlantic Forest and Araucaria moist forests of the South and Southeast regions, ranging from Minas Gerais to Rio Grande do Sul. It is a pioneer, evergreen species that can reach up to 30 m in height and 60 cm in diameter at maturity, featuring a high, elongated canopy with characteristic grayish-green foliage visible from a distance. The trunk grows nearly straight, with smooth, whitish bark when young, becoming grayish, rough, and reticulated with age. Its leaves are narrow and lanceolate, and its cream-colored flowers, clustered in small heads, bloom from August to February depending on the region, serving as an important nectar source for native bees. It grows rapidly in clearings, secondary forests, and degraded areas, making it widely used in ecological restoration and soil recovery projects.
Dyeball
Pisolithus tinctorius
Pisolithus tinctorius is a fascinating ectomycorrhizal fungus, commonly known as the Dyeball or Dead Man's Foot. It is not a plant, but a fungus that forms a vital symbiotic relationship with the roots of trees such as pines and oaks. Its fruiting body has a globose, earthy appearance, similar to a stone or animal waste, which matures into a mass of dark brown spores. It is highly valued in forestry for its ability to help trees colonize poor, acidic, or mining-degraded soils.
Pull-and-hold
Pisonia aculeata
Pisonia aculeata, known as pull-and-hold or devil's claws, is a tropical thorny climber in the Nyctaginaceae family. Native to the tropical regions of the Americas and the Caribbean, this vigorous plant develops long branches armed with recurved thornsβlike hooksβthat cling to other plants and surfaces to climb. Its small, inconspicuous flowers appear in clusters during spring and summer, followed by sticky seeds that can trap small insects and birds. It is occasionally cultivated as an ornamental plant in tropical gardens and natural hedges.
Pistachio
Pistacia
Pistacia is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Anacardiaceae, native to Mediterranean regions, the Middle East, Central Asia, and parts of the Americas. The genus includes iconic species such as the edible pistachio (P. vera), the mastic tree (P. lentiscus), the terebinth (P. terebinthus), and the ornamental Chinese pistache (P. chinensis). Adapted to arid and semi-arid climates, Pistacia plants are celebrated for their exceptional drought tolerance, longevity, and versatile uses spanning food, medicine, and ornamentation.
Chinese Pistache
Pistacia chinensis
Pistacia chinensis, commonly known as Chinese pistache, is a medium to large deciduous tree native to China and Taiwan. Renowned for its spectacular fiery fall foliage β turning vivid orange, red, and scarlet β it is one of the most reliable and showy ornamental trees for temperate climates. It grows 30β40 feet tall with a broad, rounded canopy, exfoliating bark that reveals salmon-colored inner layers, and small, inconspicuous spring flowers. Once established, it is exceptionally drought-tolerant, pollution-resistant, and largely pest-free, making it a low-maintenance landscape favorite.
Mastic Tree
Pistacia lentiscus
Evergreen Mediterranean shrub or small tree with leathery leaves and a rounded, spreading form. It is dioecious, with tiny green or reddish flowers in spring. Female plants bear bright red berries that turn black when ripe. The bark yields the aromatic resin known as mastic.
Terebinth
Pistacia terebinthus
The terebinth (Pistacia terebinthus) is a deciduous shrub or small tree in the Anacardiaceae family, native to the Mediterranean region. It thrives in rocky, calcareous soils and produces an aromatic resin historically harvested as "Chios turpentine". Reddish-purple flowers appear in spring, followed by small globose fruits that ripen from red to dark brown.
Water Lettuce
Pistia stratiotes
Water Lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) is a free-floating aquatic plant in the Araceae family, native to pantropical regions. Its velvety rosette leaves resemble a small head of lettuce, hence the common name. It is widely cultivated in ornamental ponds, aquariums, and water features where it plays a key role in natural water filtration by absorbing excess nutrients.
Garden pea
Pisum sativum
The garden pea (Pisum sativum) is an annual climbing herb from the legume family (Fabaceae), cultivated for thousands of years for its sweet, nutritious pods and seeds. It uses tendrils to attach itself to supports and can grow up to 2 meters in height under ideal conditions. Thanks to its ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen through Rhizobium root nodule bacteria, it enriches the soil and is a popular cover crop as well as a staple vegetable for gardeners.
Pittosporum
Pittosporum
Pittosporum is a genus of evergreen shrubs and small trees prized for their glossy, whorled foliage and clusters of fragrant, orange-blossom-scented flowers that bloom in spring. Widely used for hedging, screening, and foundation plantings, it is tough, tolerant of coastal salt spray, and responds well to shaping, making it a staple of ornamental landscaping in mild climates.
Kohuhu
Pittosporum tenuifolium
Kohuhu is a fast-growing evergreen shrub or small tree native to New Zealand, prized for its wavy-edged, glossy green leaves and near-black young stems. In late spring to early summer it bears small, honey-scented, deep purple flowers that release their fragrance most strongly in the evening. Naturally forming a dense, upright habit, it is widely planted as a windbreak, hedge, or specimen shrub in coastal and temperate gardens.
Japanese Pittosporum
Pittosporum tobira
Pittosporum tobira, commonly known as Japanese Pittosporum or Mock Orange, is an evergreen shrub native to Japan, China, and Korea. It features dense, glossy dark green foliage and produces clusters of fragrant creamy-white flowers in spring, with a scent reminiscent of orange blossoms. Highly valued for its adaptability, it thrives in coastal gardens, as hedges, privacy screens, and ornamental specimens.
Dwarf Japanese Mock Orange
Pittosporum tobira 'Nanum'
Pittosporum tobira 'Nanum' is the dwarf form of Japanese pittosporum: a compact, rounded evergreen shrub that grows slowly to 60 cm-1 m tall and up to 1.5 m wide, about a third the size of the species. The glossy, dark green, leathery leaves sit in whorls at the branch tips. In late spring and early summer it can bear small clusters of white to cream flowers with a sweet, orange-blossom scent. It handles wind and salt spray, so it suits coastal gardens, borders, low hedges and containers.
Victorian box
Pittosporum undulatum
Evergreen tree or large shrub with glossy, wavy-edged green leaves, native to eastern Australia. It can reach about 12-15 m and bears very fragrant white flowers in spring, scented most strongly at night, followed by woody orange fruits. Note: it is considered invasive in several regions, including South Africa, Hawaii, the Azores, the Caribbean and southern Brazil.
Silverback Fern
Pityrogramma calomelanos
Pityrogramma calomelanos, commonly known as the Silverback Fern, is a tropical perennial fern native to the Americas. Its most distinctive feature is the white or yellowish waxy powder coating the underside of its fronds, giving them a striking silver appearance. It thrives in warm, humid environments and adapts well to both indoor and outdoor cultivation.
Black Felt Lichen
Placynthium nigrum
Placynthium nigrum is a crustose lichen that develops on calcareous substrates. It is characterized by a granular black or dark brown thallus, often forming rosettes or extensive patches on rocky outcrops.
Plantain (genus)
Plantago
Plantago is a genus of about 200 species of low herbs in the family Plantaginaceae, found on every continent. Most form a flat rosette of leaves with three to five parallel veins, and send up leafless stalks topped with a dense spike of tiny wind-pollinated flowers. The two you are most likely to meet are broadleaf plantain (P. major), with broad oval leaves, and ribwort plantain (P. lanceolata), with narrow lance-shaped leaves; both grow in lawns, paths and roadsides almost everywhere. Other species give psyllium husk (P. ovata and P. psyllium). Not related to the cooking banana also called plantain.
Asian Plantain
Plantago asiatica
Asian Plantain (Plantago asiatica) is a perennial herb of the Plantaginaceae family, native to East Asia β China, Japan, and Korea. It forms a basal rosette of broadly ovate to elliptic leaves measuring 4β12 cm, deep green with prominent veins. It produces erect flower spikes of 20β45 cm bearing numerous small white flowers. Exceptionally resilient, it colonizes disturbed habitats such as roadsides and vacant lots. Revered in Traditional Chinese Medicine for millennia as Cheqiancao (车εθ), it possesses well-documented diuretic, anti-inflammatory, and expectorant properties.
Ribwort Plantain
Plantago lanceolata
Ribwort plantain is a low-growing perennial herb native to Europe and western Asia, now naturalized worldwide. It forms a basal rosette of lance-shaped, ribbed leaves and sends up slender, leafless flower stalks topped with small brownish flower spikes from spring through summer. Extremely hardy and adaptable, it thrives in meadows, lawns, and disturbed ground, and has a long history of use as a medicinal herb.
Broadleaf Plantain
Plantago major
Broadleaf Plantain (Plantago major) is a robust, perennial wild plant from the Plantain family (Plantaginaceae). It forms a flat rosette of broad, oval leaves with characteristic parallel veins and grows in meadows, pastures, roadsides, and compacted soil worldwide. From May to September, narrow, upright flower spikes appear with small, inconspicuous yellowish-green flowers. As one of the best-known medicinal herbs in folk medicine, it has been used for centuries for skin wounds, insect bites, coughs, and respiratory complaints. The young leaves are edible and rich in silicic acid, mucilage, tannins, and flavonoids.
Blackseed Plantain
Plantago rugelii
Blackseed plantain (Plantago rugelii) is a hardy native perennial herb of eastern and central North America. It forms a compact basal rosette of broad, oval leaves with distinctive reddish-purple petiole bases. Often found in lawns, roadsides, and disturbed habitats, it is both a common "weed" and a valued medicinal and edible plant with a long history of traditional use.
Greater Butterfly-orchid
Platanthera chlorantha
The Greater Butterfly-orchid (Platanthera chlorantha) is a tuberous orchid native to European forests, calcareous meadows, and marshy areas. Growing 30-60 cm tall, it features two shiny, elliptical basal leaves and smaller, oblong stem leaves. Its greenish-white, vanilla-scented flowers are arranged in a sparse inflorescence and feature a long spur adapted for pollination by nocturnal moths, such as noctuids and hawkmoths. Unlike the closely related Platanthera bifolia, its pollinaria attach between the pollinator's eyes rather than to the proboscis. The plant is specialized for calcareous and neutral soils and depends on mycorrhizal fungi for both germination and growth.
Large Round-leaved Orchid
Platanthera orbiculata
A native North American terrestrial orchid found in moist coniferous and deciduous forests from Canada down to the eastern and northern United States. Easily recognized by its pair of large, glossy, rounded basal leaves lying flat on the forest floor and a tall spike of up to 30 greenish-white flowers with long spurs, pollinated mainly by noctuid moths.
Plane Tree
Platanus
Platanus is a genus of approximately 10 species of large, deciduous trees comprising the sole living genus of the family Platanaceae. Native to the Northern Hemisphere β spanning North America, Mexico, southeastern Europe, and Asia β plane trees are instantly recognizable by their distinctive exfoliating bark that peels away in irregular patches to reveal a mosaic of cream, green, and grey tones. The broadly palmate leaves and spherical seed balls that hang on the branches through winter are equally distinctive. The London plane (Platanus Γ hispanica), a hybrid between the Oriental and American planes, has become one of the most widely planted ornamental trees in the world, renowned for its exceptional tolerance of urban pollution, soil compaction, and drought.
London plane
Platanus Γ hispanica
The London plane (Platanus Γ hispanica) is a large deciduous hybrid tree, a cross between the Oriental plane (P. orientalis) and the American sycamore (P. occidentalis). It is instantly recognizable by its distinctive bark that peels away in patches to reveal cream, olive, and grey mottled patterns beneath, and by its large maple-like leaves. One of the most widely planted urban trees in the world, it is prized for its exceptional tolerance of air pollution, compacted soils, and drought once established.
American Sycamore
Platanus occidentalis
The American sycamore is one of the largest native hardwood trees in eastern North America, commonly reaching 75-100 ft (23-30 m) tall with a broad, spreading crown. It is best known for its distinctive exfoliating bark, which sheds in irregular gray-brown plates to reveal smooth, creamy-white inner bark. Native to riverbanks, floodplains and bottomlands, it tolerates wet soils as well as periods of drought once established. Small monoecious flowers appear in early spring (green male clusters, burgundy-red female clusters), followed by distinctive ball-shaped seed heads that persist through winter.
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