Complete Plant Guide
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🗺️ Plants by City4076 plants found
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Sheep Sorrel
Rumex acetosella
Sheep Sorrel (Rumex acetosella) is a small perennial wild herb in the Polygonaceae family, native to temperate regions of Europe, Asia, and widely naturalized in North America. Its arrow-shaped leaves have a characteristic tangy, sour flavor due to oxalic acid content. A hardy plant that thrives in poor, acidic soils, it is valued as an edible herb and in folk medicine, though it can become invasive through its creeping rhizomes.
Curly dock
Rumex crispus
A perennial herbaceous plant from the Polygonaceae family, native to Europe and Western Asia. Features smooth leaves with distinctly wavy or curled margins, measuring 14-24 cm in length. Common in disturbed soils and adapted to various climates, highly tolerant of cold and drought. Forms dense rosettes and produces thousands of viable seeds per plant that can remain viable for 50+ years.
Bloody dock
Rumex sanguineus
Bloody dock (Rumex sanguineus) is an evergreen perennial herb in the Polygonaceae family, native to Europe, Southwest Asia, and North Africa. It is prized for its striking leaves with deep, blood-red veins against dark green foliage, providing a dramatic ornamental look in gardens and on tables. The plant forms compact rosette-shaped clumps and thrives in moist, well-drained soil in full sun to partial shade.
Leatherleaf fern
Rumohra adiantiformis
Rumohra adiantiformis, commonly known as the leatherleaf fern, is a robust and perennial species prized for its triangular, leathery, deep green fronds. It is extremely popular in the floral industry due to the incredible durability of its leaves after being cut, remaining fresh in arrangements for several weeks. In nature, it grows both as an epiphyte and on the forest floor.
Butcher's Broom (genus)
Ruscus
Ruscus is a genus of low-growing evergreen shrubs in the family Asparagaceae, native to Europe, the Mediterranean, and western Asia. Their defining feature is cladodes — flattened stems that mimic leaves and carry both flowers and fruit. The bright red berries appearing in autumn and winter make them popular as ornamental and cut foliage plants. Best-known species include R. aculeatus (common butcher's broom) and R. hypoglossum.
Spineless butcher's broom
Ruscus hypoglossum
Ruscus hypoglossum, the spineless butcher's broom, is a low, evergreen shade shrub in the Asparagaceae family, native to woodlands of southern Europe and Asia Minor. Unlike its spiny relative Ruscus aculeatus, its broad, glossy cladodes (leaf-like flattened stems) are soft and unarmed, making it a popular groundcover for dark corners of gardens and shady borders.
Spanish butcher's broom
Ruscus hypophyllum
Ruscus hypophyllum is an evergreen subshrub from the western Mediterranean (southern Spain and northwest Africa) that forms clumps of upright, unbranched green stems 50-100 cm tall. What look like glossy leaves are cladodes, flattened stems; tiny greenish-white flowers sit on them in winter and spring and, when male and female plants grow together, are followed by bright red berries. It is grown in shady gardens and as long-lasting cut foliage.
Firecracker Plant
Russelia equisetiformis
Russelia is a perennial shrub known for its slender, green, cascading branches that resemble a horse's tail or fireworks. Its tubular flowers, typically in vibrant red hues, are produced in abundance and are highly attractive to hummingbirds and butterflies. It is an extremely versatile plant, excellent for hanging baskets, retaining walls, or as ground cover on slopes.
Smoky Russula
Russula adusta
Russula adusta is a basidiomycete fungus notable for its color transition. Initially whitish, its cap turns grayish-brown and eventually black as it matures. It is a mycorrhizal species that plays a crucial role in the health of coniferous forests, aiding in nutrient exchange with tree roots. Its flesh is firm but can cause gastrointestinal discomfort if ingested.
Narrow-leaved rue
Ruta angustifolia
Ruta angustifolia, known as narrow-leaved rue or fringed rue, is an aromatic evergreen subshrub in the Rutaceae family, native to the Mediterranean region and widely naturalized across Southeast Asia. It grows 40-100 cm tall with slender woody stems and finely divided, blue-green leaves that release a strong, pungent scent when bruised. Clusters of small yellow flowers with a fetid odor bloom from spring through summer. The plant has a long history of traditional medicinal use for ailments such as fever, cramps and liver complaints, but all parts are toxic if ingested and the sap can cause severe skin burns when exposed to sunlight.
Fringed Rue
Ruta chalepensis
Ruta chalepensis, commonly known as Fringed Rue or Egyptian Rue, is a perennial evergreen aromatic shrub in the family Rutaceae, native to the Mediterranean basin, North Africa, and the Middle East. It grows to 40–80 cm tall, bearing finely pinnate grey-green leaves with a strong pungent scent and clusters of small yellow flowers in summer. The plant contains furanocoumarins, alkaloids, and flavonoids that confer potent medicinal properties but also significant toxicity. It causes phototoxic dermatitis on skin contact followed by sun exposure, and ingestion in large amounts can cause severe organ toxicity. It is widely used in traditional medicine and holds deep cultural significance as a protective talisman.
Rue
Ruta graveolens
Rue (Ruta graveolens) is a perennial shrub known for its strong aroma and medicinal properties. It has finely divided, grayish-green leaves and small, cream or yellowish flowers that appear in summer. It is a hardy plant, but requires attention due to its toxicity.
Sugarcane
Saccharum officinarum
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) is a large, perennial grass native to Southeast Asia and New Guinea, cultivated for millennia for its succulent stalks rich in sucrose. It forms vigorous clumps with erect, jointed, and fibrous stalks that can exceed 13 to 20 feet (4 to 6 meters) in height, covered by long, narrow, and sharp-edged leaves. It is the world's primary source of sugar and one of the most important agricultural crops on the planet, also used in the production of ethanol, rum, molasses, and unrefined cane sugar. It blooms only when days shorten, producing a silvery, feathery inflorescence known as an "arrow."
Sweet Plum
Sageretia theezans
The Chinese Sweet Plum (Sageretia theezans) is an evergreen shrub from the buckthorn family (Rhamnaceae), native to southern China. It is one of the most popular indoor bonsai species, combining fine, glossy foliage, attractive scaly, multicolored bark, and reddish new growth at the shoot tips. In late summer, inconspicuous creamy-white flower panicles appear, followed by small, edible blue-black drupes. In its native habitat, it grows 1 to 3 meters tall, but as a bonsai, it remains significantly smaller through regular pruning.
Annual Pearlwort
Sagina apetala
Sagina apetala is a small annual or biennial herbaceous plant that forms low, dense tufts. It is frequently found in urban environments, growing in sidewalk cracks, walls, and compacted sandy soils. Its leaves are linear and its flowers are tiny, usually greenish and without visible petals, which gives it the specific name 'apetala'. It is an extremely resilient and colonizing plant.
Procumbent pearlwort
Sagina procumbens
Sagina procumbens (procumbent pearlwort) is a perennial, creeping herb from the pink family (Caryophyllaceae), native to Europe, Western and Central Asia, and Northwest Africa. It forms dense, hairless, moss-like mats thanks to stems that root at the nodes and spread rapidly vegetatively. The leaves are linear, 1-2 cm long. Small, solitary flowers have 4-5 sepals and 4-5 small white petals (sometimes absent) with 4 free stigmas. The plant tolerates trampling exceptionally well, which is why it is commonly found in lawns, cracks between paving stones, and in moist flower pots.
Arrowheads
Sagittaria
Sagittaria is a genus of about 30 species of aquatic and marsh plants in the family Alismataceae. Most come from the Americas; a few are from Europe, Africa and Asia. The name comes from the Latin for "of arrows", after the arrowhead-shaped leaves that stand above the water. Underwater leaves are often thin and ribbon-like. In summer they bear white three-petaled flowers in tiers along the stalk. Many form starchy tubers that have been cooked and eaten for centuries in North America and China. Larger species such as Sagittaria latifolia and S. sagittifolia are grown at pond edges; small ones such as S. subulata are common aquarium plants.
Broadleaf arrowhead
Sagittaria latifolia
Sagittaria latifolia is an aquatic perennial in the family Alismataceae, native to the Americas from southern Canada to western South America, where it forms colonies in marshes, swamps, pond margins and ditches. The long-stalked emergent leaves are shaped like arrowheads and reach 30 cm; the sap is milky. In summer, July to September in the northern hemisphere, it raises stalks with whorls of white, three-petalled flowers about 4 cm across. Plants grow 0.5-1.2 m tall. The rhizomes form starchy tubers, the "duck potato" or wapato, that Indigenous peoples of North America ate cooked; ducks, beavers and muskrats feed on them too.
Arrowhead
Sagittaria sagittifolia
The common arrowhead (Sagittaria sagittifolia) is a perennial aquatic and marsh plant belonging to the Alismataceae family, native to marshes, lakes, and slow-moving waters across Europe and Asia. It is named for its distinctive arrowhead-shaped leaves. While these leaves rise above the water, long, ribbon-like leaves also develop submerged. In summer, it produces tall flower stalks bearing flowers with three white petals and purple centers. It is a popular choice for decorating the edges of garden ponds and boggy areas.
Saintpaulia confusa
Saintpaulia confusa
Saintpaulia confusa is a wild African violet in the family Gesneriaceae, from the forests of the East Usambara Mountains in Tanzania. Botanists now treat it as part of the grotei subspecies of the African violet (Saintpaulia ionantha subsp. grotei, or Streptocarpus ionanthus subsp. grotei). The name confusa was used for the plants of this subspecies that grow as a rosette, with all leaves coming from the center, instead of forming long trailing stems. The leaves are rounded, hairy and scalloped at the edge; the small flowers are pale mauve with a violet edge, in clusters of 2 to 4. In the wild it is threatened by forest clearance.
African Violet
Saintpaulia ionantha
The African Violet is a beloved compact houseplant native to the cloud forests of Tanzania and Kenya. Discovered in 1892 by Baron Walter von Saint Paul, it features velvety, dark green leaves and delicate flowers that bloom in shades of purple, blue, pink, white, and red. With proper care, these charming plants can live up to 50 years and bloom nearly year-round.
Glasswort
Salicornia
Glasswort (Salicornia) is a genus of annual, succulent-stemmed plants in the Amaranthaceae family, adapted to saltwater habitats. Its jointed, leafless, succulent shoots are green, often turning red or orange in the fall. It grows in coastal salt marshes, saline soils, and on the shores of salt lakes, where almost no other plants can survive. Its young shoots are also known as "sea asparagus" or "sea beans" and are a sought-after vegetable worldwide for their crunchy, salty flavor.
Willow
Salix
Willow (Salix) is a large genus of deciduous trees and shrubs in the family Salicaceae, native across the Northern Hemisphere. Best known for the graceful weeping willow (Salix babylonica) with its long, pendulous branches sweeping toward water, willows have been culturally and medicinally significant for millennia. The bark of Salix alba (white willow) contains salicin, the natural compound that inspired the synthesis of aspirin in 1897. Willows thrive near rivers, lakes, and wetlands, and are among the fastest-growing trees in the world.
Crack willow
Salix × fragilis
Salix × fragilis, the crack willow, is a fast-growing deciduous tree native to Eurasia, common along rivers, marshes and wet ground. It reaches around 15 m and is named for its twigs, which snap off cleanly and readily root where they land.
White Willow
Salix alba
The white willow (Salix alba) is a fast-growing deciduous tree native to Europe, temperate Asia, and North Africa. It can reach up to 25 meters (82 feet) in height, with characteristic silvery-green lanceolate leaves, especially on the underside. It thrives in moist soils and near watercourses, making it a popular choice for riparian landscaping and erosion control.
Weeping Willow
Salix babylonica
The Weeping Willow (Salix babylonica) is a majestic tree native to northern China, widely cultivated around the world for its graceful, cascading branches that sweep the ground. It thrives near water — rivers, lakes, and ponds — where it can reach its full potential. Its iconic silhouette makes it one of the most recognizable ornamental trees globally.
goat willow
Salix caprea
Salix caprea, commonly known as goat willow or pussy willow, is a robust deciduous tree or large shrub native to Europe and Western Asia. It is most famous for its soft, silky-grey catkins that emerge in early spring, which eventually turn yellow with pollen, providing a vital early nectar source for bees and other pollinators. The leaves are broader than most other willows, with a felt-like underside.
Pink Pussy Willow
Salix chaenomeloides
Salix chaenomeloides, also known as pink or Japanese pussy willow, is a deciduous shrub or small tree from the Salicaceae family, native to Japan, Korea, and China. It is cultivated for its striking, large catkins that are initially silvery-pink and darken to black over time. The catkins appear in late winter and early spring on glossy, dark red shoots, before the plant leafs out. The most famous cultivar is 'Mt. Aso', valued in gardens and floral arrangements for its decorative branches.
Grey Willow
Salix cinerea
Salix cinerea, the grey willow (also called grey sallow), is a fast-establishing deciduous shrub or small tree native to Europe and western Asia. It thrives in wet, poorly drained soils along riverbanks, ditches and marshes, producing fuzzy grey-to-yellow catkins in early spring before the leaves emerge. Its dense, downy grey-green foliage and tolerance of waterlogged ground make it a valuable pioneer species for wetland restoration and a key early-season nectar source for bees.
Pussy Willow
Salix discolor
Salix discolor, commonly known as Pussy Willow, is a fast-growing deciduous shrub or small tree native to North America. Celebrated for its silky, pearl-gray catkins that emerge in late winter before the leaves, it is one of the first plants to signal the arrival of spring. It thrives in moist to wet soils and is ideal for rain gardens, stream banks, and wildlife habitats.
Dappled Willow
Salix integra
Salix integra is a deciduous shrub in the willow family (Salicaceae), grown mainly for its ornamental foliage rather than its inconspicuous yellow catkins. The widely planted cultivar 'Hakuro-nishiki' (dappled willow) produces slender, lance-shaped leaves splashed with pink, cream and green when they emerge, maturing to green by summer and turning gold in fall. It is fast-growing, cold-hardy, and adaptable to a range of soils, including damp or heavier ground where many other ornamentals struggle.
Dappled Willow 'Hakuro Nishiki'
Salix integra 'Hakuro Nishiki'
The Dappled Willow 'Hakuro Nishiki' (Salix integra) is an ornamental deciduous shrub from the Salicaceae family, renowned for its striking variegated foliage in shades of pink, white, and green. These colors are most vibrant on new growth during spring and early summer. In spring, it produces small, inconspicuous yellow-green catkins. It is a fast-growing plant, often pruned into a low shrub or grafted onto a trunk to create a 'standard' or 'lollipop' form. It is popular in gardens as a specimen plant or in mixed borders, particularly near water features, as it thrives in moist conditions.
Tea-leaved Willow
Salix phylicifolia
The tea-leaved willow (Salix phylicifolia) is a hardy deciduous shrub native to the boreal and montane regions of northern Europe, including Scotland, Ireland, and Fennoscandia. It grows along streambanks, in ditches, and in flushed upland ground, usually on moist, base-rich soils, from near sea level up to over 1,000 metres in altitude. The shrub reaches 2.5 to 4 metres in height with a bushy, spreading habit, smooth reddish-brown young stems, and thin, glossy dark green leaves with greyish undersides that resemble tea leaves, giving the species its common name. Like most willows, it is dioecious, with male and female catkins borne on separate plants; the yellow male catkins and greener female catkins appear on bare stems in early spring before the leaves unfurl, providing an important early nectar source for pollinators. Its bark is rich in salicin and related phenolic compounds that have been studied for antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidant activity, continuing a long tradition of willow bark use in folk medicine for pain and fever relief.
Purple Willow
Salix purpurea
Salix purpurea, the purple willow or purple osier, is a fast-growing deciduous shrub native to Europe, North Africa, and temperate Asia. It forms dense thickets of slender, purple-tinted stems and narrow grey-green leaves arranged in an unusual near-opposite pattern for a willow. Purple-red catkins appear on bare branches in early spring before the leaves emerge, turning golden as they release pollen. Long prized by basket weavers for its flexible, colorful osier rods, it is equally valued in modern landscapes for erosion control along streambanks and as a fast, low-maintenance ornamental hedge or screen.
Basket Willow
Salix viminalis
Salix viminalis, commonly known as basket willow or common osier, is a fast-growing deciduous shrub or small tree native to Europe and western/central Asia. Prized for centuries for its long, flexible, unbranched shoots, it is the classic species used in traditional basket weaving and wickerwork. It thrives in damp, wet ground along riverbanks and wetlands, forming dense thickets of slender silvery-green leaves and, in early spring, soft grey catkins that appear before the foliage. Its vigorous growth and tolerance of coppicing make it a popular choice for biomass production, erosion control on riverbanks, and living willow structures in gardens.
Lily of the Valley Vine
Salpichroa origanifolia
Salpichroa origanifolia, popularly known as 'Lily of the Valley Vine' or 'Cock's Eggs', is a perennial, rhizomatous herb belonging to the Solanaceae family, native to South America—Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil, Bolivia, and Peru. Its climbing and highly branched stems can reach up to 3 meters (10 feet) in length; its leaves are elliptical or oval, and its flowers are small, bell-shaped, and white or greenish-white. In late summer, it produces oval berries, 10–15 mm (0.4–0.6 inches) in size, that ripen from green to white or pale yellow, with a sweet and edible taste. The plant has naturalized in regions of Europe, California, and Tasmania, where it is considered invasive.
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