Complete Plant Guide
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🗺️ Plants by City4106 plants found
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Foxtail Lily
Eremurus stenophyllus
Eremurus stenophyllus, commonly known as the Foxtail Lily or Desert Candle, is a tuberous-rooted perennial native to the steppes and semi-desert regions of Central Asia. It forms a rosette of narrow, strap-like leaves from which a tall, erect flower spike emerges in summer, reaching heights of 4 to 5 feet. This spike is densely packed with small, star-shaped yellow flowers that turn brownish at the base as they age. A recipient of the RHS Award of Garden Merit, it is highly prized for its spectacular architectural presence in the garden.
Tree Heath
Erica arborea
Erica arborea is an evergreen shrub or small tree in the heather family, native to the Mediterranean Basin, the western Caucasus and the mountains of East Africa and Arabia. It reaches about 7 m in the wild but usually 1-4 m in gardens. It has dark green needle-like leaves and, from late winter into spring, long sprays of tiny white bell-shaped flowers with a honey scent. It grows in scrub and woodland on acid soils. Its hard root burl, known as briar, is used to make tobacco pipes.
Winter Heath
Erica carnea
Erica carnea is a low, mat-forming evergreen shrub native to the mountains of central, eastern and southern Europe. Unlike most heaths, it tolerates neutral to slightly alkaline soil, making it one of the few ericas suited to chalky gardens. Its needle-like foliage stays green year-round and it produces masses of small urn-shaped flowers in shades of pink, magenta or white from December through April, providing color in the garden during the coldest months.
Bell heather
Erica cinerea
Bell heather (Erica cinerea) is a low, evergreen shrub in the Ericaceae family, native to the heathlands and coastal moors of Western Europe, including Britain, Ireland, France, and northern Spain. It forms compact mounds of fine, needle-like foliage and produces bell-shaped flowers in shades of purple, pink, or white from early summer to early autumn. Hardy and drought-tolerant once established, it thrives in acidic, well-drained soil and is a favorite for naturalistic gardens, borders, and ground cover.
Cape Heath
Erica gracilis
Erica gracilis, commonly known as Cape heath, is a small evergreen shrub native to the Cape region of South Africa, belonging to the Ericaceae family. It reaches a maximum height of 40-45 cm with a compact canopy of about 35 cm, formed by dark, needle-like leaves. From October to January (with possible reblooming until March), it produces dense clusters of small bell-shaped flowers at the tips of the branches in shades of pink, white, or magenta, featuring a light honey scent. It is a calcifuge plant: it rejects lime-rich soils and requires an acidic substrate.
Keyhole heath
Erica mauritanica
Erica mauritanica, commonly known as keyhole heath, is an evergreen shrub in the Ericaceae family, endemic to the fynbos of the Western Cape Province in South Africa, with possible occurrences in the Eastern Cape. It was described by Linnaeus in 1759 and has Erica capensis and Erica rhodantha as synonyms. Like many Cape heaths, it features fine, needle-like foliage and small tubular flowers that appear primarily in spring. It is a Mediterranean climate species, adapted to poor, acidic soils, dry summers, and wet winters. In nature, it is an outdoor plant suitable for naturalistic gardens or Cape native plant collections. In cultivation, it requires bright light, excellent drainage, and careful watering, as its fine roots are sensitive to both waterlogging and complete drying out.
Cross-leaved Heath
Erica tetralix
Low evergreen shrub of the Ericaceae family, native to bogs, wet heaths and damp coniferous woodland across western Europe. It has erect or creeping stems, grey-green glandular leaves arranged in whorls of four, and drooping clusters of small pink bell-shaped flowers from summer to autumn.
Fleabane
Erigeron
Erigeron is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, commonly known as fleabane. The most popular ornamental species include E. karvinskianus (Mexican fleabane) and E. speciosus (showy fleabane), prized for their profuse daisy-like flowers in white, pink, and purple that bloom for months. These hardy perennials are excellent for rock gardens, walls, borders, and containers.
Eastern Daisy Fleabane
Erigeron annuus
Erigeron annuus, commonly known as Eastern Daisy Fleabane or Annual Fleabane, is a wildflower native to North America and widely naturalized across Europe and Asia. A member of the Asteraceae family, it produces abundant small daisy-like flowers with white to pale-lavender ray florets surrounding a bright yellow disk center. It thrives in disturbed soils, meadows, roadsides, and open woodland edges. Growing up to 150 cm tall, it is an fast-growing annual or biennial that freely self-seeds and naturalizes readily. Historically valued in herbal medicine and as a natural insect repellent, it is also a valuable nectar source for pollinators.
Flax-leaf fleabane
Erigeron bonariensis
Erigeron bonariensis, commonly known as flax-leaf fleabane, is an annual herbaceous plant native to South America. It is widely recognized for its hardiness and ability to colonize disturbed areas, being considered one of the main invasive weeds in crops due to its herbicide resistance. It has narrow, hairy leaves and small inflorescences that produce thousands of wind-dispersed seeds.
Horseweed
Erigeron canadensis
Erigeron canadensis, commonly known as horseweed or Canadian fleabane, is an annual flowering plant in the Asteraceae family, native to most of North America and Central America. It has become one of the most widely distributed weeds worldwide, naturalizing across Eurasia, Australia, and beyond. The plant features erect stems up to 1.5 m tall, narrow leaves, and terminal panicles of small white and yellow flower heads. Historically used by Native American peoples for medicinal purposes, horseweed is also notable as the first weed species to develop resistance to the herbicide glyphosate.
Mexican fleabane
Erigeron karvinskianus
Erigeron karvinskianus, known as Mexican fleabane, is a prolific, low-growing perennial that produces a carpet of small, daisy-like flowers. The blooms are unique for their color-changing properties, opening white and maturing to pink and eventually a soft purple. It is highly valued for its ability to colonize stone walls, steps, and paving crevices, creating a charming, naturalized look in rock gardens and cottage-style landscapes.
Guernsey Fleabane
Erigeron sumatrensis
Guernsey Fleabane (Erigeron sumatrensis) is a fast-growing annual herb native to South America, now widely naturalized across tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions worldwide. A member of the Asteraceae family, it produces masses of tiny white-cream flower heads in branching sprays and can reach heights of up to 2 metres. Despite its name referencing Sumatra, the species originated in the Americas and was first described based on Sumatran specimens. It thrives in disturbed habitats — roadsides, waste grounds, urban gaps — and is regarded as an invasive weed in many countries. Its essential oils carry antimicrobial properties of pharmacological interest.
Loquat
Eriobotrya japonica
Eriobotrya japonica, commonly known as the loquat, is a small to medium evergreen fruit tree in the rose family (Rosaceae), native to the cool highlands of south-central China and cultivated for centuries in Japan, where it is called biwa. It forms a dense, rounded canopy of large, leathery, dark green leaves and produces fragrant white flower clusters in fall and winter, followed by clusters of yellow-orange, pear-shaped fruit that ripen in spring. Loquat is prized both as an ornamental landscape or specimen tree and for its sweet, tangy fruit, which is eaten fresh or made into jams, syrups, and desserts.
Japanese Anemone
Eriocapitella hupehensis
The Japanese Anemone (Eriocapitella hupehensis) is a perennial plant from the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae), originally from the mountainous regions of Central China. It forms upright, branched flower stems 80 to 120 cm tall and delights from July to October with delicate, cup-shaped flowers in shades of pink, white, and purple. Its dark green, three-lobed basal leaves form dense clumps. As one of the few perennials that bloom profusely in late summer and autumn, it is an indispensable eye-catcher in a naturalistic garden.
Pink wax flower
Eriostemon australasius
Eriostemon australasius, the pink wax flower, is an upright, fairly stiff evergreen shrub in the citrus family (Rutaceae), native to eastern Australia: mainly coastal New South Wales, from Lake Conjola north to Fraser Island in Queensland, with inland populations on the tablelands. It grows in heath, shrubland and dry sclerophyll woodland, usually on sandstone and sandy soils. It is often under 1 m tall but can reach about 2 m and 1 m wide. The narrow, greyish to dark green leaves, 3 to 7 cm long, are dotted with oil glands. From late winter into spring it carries waxy, five-petalled star flowers up to 4 cm across, pale to mid pink with darker streaks, sometimes white, near the tips of the stems. In the wild it probably regenerates from seed after fire.
Chilean Cacti
Eriosyce
Eriosyce is a genus of slow-growing cacti native to the west coast of Chile and parts of Peru, where they are found from sea level up to altitudes of 4,000 meters. These cacti typically have a spherical to cylindrical shape with dense spines ranging in color from white to yellow, red, and black. Some members of the genus have woolly areoles. Eriosyce are popular collector's cacti due to their decorative spines and striking flowers that bloom at the top of the stem.
Curved-spine cactus
Eriosyce curvispina
Eriosyce curvispina is a globular cactus endemic to central Chile, where it grows mainly on rocky hillsides from near sea level up to about 2,200 m. It forms one or two spherical stems 5-25 cm across with 13-21 ribs. Its spines are stout and black to brown: the 2-4 cm central spines curve upward (hence the name) and the radials curve sideways. It bears large funnel-shaped flowers 3-6.5 cm long, yellowish to reddish with a red midstripe, followed by small oval red to brown fruits. It is extremely variable in size, spination and flower color, which has given it a long list of names.
Chilean Pink Cactus
Eriosyce subgibbosa
Eriosyce subgibbosa is a globular-to-columnar cactus endemic to the coastal strip of central Chile, ranging from the Biobío region to Atacama. It grows on rocky outcrops near the sea, forming a solitary stem up to 90 cm long and 25 cm wide that tends to recline with age. Flowers are pink to magenta with a paler throat and appear in late winter through spring.
Stork's-bill
Erodium
Erodium is a genus of about 120 species in the family Geraniaceae, the geranium family. They come from Europe, North Africa, Asia and Australia, with a few in the Americas, and include annuals, perennials and small subshrubs. Garden kinds usually form low mounds 15 to 30 cm tall, with divided leaves and five-petalled flowers in pink, magenta, white or purple, often with darker veins or spots. After flowering the fruit grows long and pointed, like a stork's bill.
Redstem Filaree
Erodium cicutarium
Redstem Filaree is an annual or biennial herb in the geranium family (Geraniaceae), native to Eurasia and North Africa and now naturalized worldwide. From a flat basal rosette of finely divided, fern-like leaves, it grows prostrate to ascending stems 10 to 40 cm in length. From April to September, small pink to violet flowers appear, followed by the namesake beak-like seed pods. These pods spiral when wet, actively drilling the seeds into the soil. As a hardy pioneer plant, it prefers dry, sandy, and stony locations such as roadsides, fallow fields, and vineyards.
Arugula
Eruca sativa
Arugula (Eruca sativa) is an annual leafy vegetable from the Brassicaceae family, native to the Mediterranean region to Western Asia. Its green, lobed leaves with a pungent and slightly bitter taste are highly valued in cuisine, especially in salads. It is a fast-growing plant, reaching maturity in 40 to 50 days, and produces small white or creamy-yellow flowers with purplish veins.
Arugula
Eruca vesicaria
Arugula (Eruca vesicaria) is an annual herbaceous plant in the mustard family (Brassicaceae), native to the Mediterranean region and Western Asia, known for its characteristic peppery and nutty flavor. The plant's pinnate, deeply lobed leaves quickly form a dense rosette and are valued in the kitchen both fresh and cooked. During flowering, the stem grows tall and bears white to creamy flowers with characteristic violet veins on the petals. Arugula is a fast-growing crop suitable for successive sowing throughout the growing season.
Sea Holly
Eryngium
Eryngium, commonly known as sea holly, is a genus of striking perennials in the carrot family prized for their spiny, silvery-blue bracts and thistle-like flower heads. Native to coastal cliffs, dry meadows and rocky slopes across Europe, the Americas and parts of Asia, sea hollies combine architectural texture with remarkable toughness, thriving in poor soil and salty coastal air where few other perennials survive.
Culantro
Eryngium foetidum
Culantro (Eryngium foetidum) is an aromatic herb in the carrot family (Apiaceae), native to Mexico, the Caribbean and Central and South America and grown throughout the tropics. It forms a low rosette of long, lance-shaped leaves with serrated, slightly spiny edges. It smells like cilantro, only stronger. In heat and long days it sends up a stalk of small, spiny, pale green flower heads. It is a staple in Caribbean and Latin American cooking, such as Puerto Rican sofrito, and in Southeast Asian dishes, where it is known as ngo gai.
Cardón
Eryngium humboldtii
Cardón (Eryngium humboldtii) is a perennial herb in the carrot family (Apiaceae), native to the páramos of Colombia and north-western Venezuela. It grows at about 3,400 to 3,800 m, in frailejón grasslands and low shrubland, and in some places, such as near the source of the Bogotá River, it is very abundant. It forms a 20 to 30 cm rosette of stiff, striated leaves with spiny margins, whitish undersides and an aromatic smell. When it flowers it sends up a stalk of about 40 cm with heads of small white to cream flowers surrounded by greenish-yellow bracts. It is used in folk medicine, but how is not documented. It is hardly ever grown outside its habitat.
Wallflower
Erysimum
Erysimum, commonly known as Wallflower, is a diverse genus of over 150 species in the family Brassicaceae. These cheerful, fragrant flowering plants are popular ornamentals grown in cottage gardens, borders, and rock gardens. They produce clusters of four-petaled flowers in a stunning range of colors including yellow, orange, red, purple, pink, and mauve. Notable cultivars include Erysimum cheiri and the beloved perennial 'Bowles's Mauve', which can bloom almost year-round.
Wallflower
Erysimum × cheiri
Erysimum × cheiri, the common wallflower, is a fragrant-flowering subshrub in the family Brassicaceae, native to the Aegean region of Greece and widely naturalized across Europe. Typically grown as a biennial, it forms compact rosettes of narrow, lance-shaped, grey-green leaves in its first year before producing abundant clusters of four-petalled flowers in shades of yellow, orange, red, burgundy, and purple from spring into early summer. Flowers emit a rich, sweet, spicy fragrance that intensifies in the evening, making the wallflower a long-favoured cottage garden classic. The plant thrives in well-drained, slightly alkaline soils and tolerates dry, rocky conditions—historically establishing itself on old walls and masonry, from which its common name derives. All parts contain cheiranthin, a cardiac glycoside, and are toxic if ingested in quantity.
Monkey musk
Erythranthe guttata
Erythranthe guttata (formerly Mimulus guttatus) is a fast-growing annual or short-lived perennial from western North America, where it grows along streams, seeps and wet meadows from sea level to high mountains. It forms spreading mats of toothed, oval leaves and carries bright yellow, two-lipped tubular flowers, usually spotted red in the throat, from spring into summer. Bumblebees pollinate it, and it readily self-seeds.
Cockspur Coral Tree
Erythrina crista-galli
The Cockspur Coral Tree (Erythrina crista-galli) is a deciduous flowering tree native to South America — Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay. Belonging to the Fabaceae family, it produces spectacular crimson-red, velvety flowers in drooping clusters up to 60 cm long during spring and summer. It is the national tree of Argentina and its flower is the national flower of both Argentina and Uruguay.
Brazilian Coral Tree
Erythrina speciosa
The Brazilian Coral Tree (Erythrina speciosa) is a native tree from Brazil's Atlantic Forest, renowned for its spectacular scarlet flowering that occurs during winter while the tree is leafless. A highly ornamental species widely used in urban landscaping and gardens, it attracts hummingbirds with its brilliant tubular flowers.
Indian Coral Tree
Erythrina variegata
Erythrina variegata, commonly known as the Indian Coral Tree or Tiger's Claw, is a large tropical tree in the Fabaceae family. Native to tropical Asia and the Pacific, it is celebrated for its stunning scarlet-red flower clusters that emerge before or alongside new leaves. A fast grower capable of reaching 27 meters in height, it is widely planted as an ornamental shade tree, living fence, and in agroforestry systems. The tree also holds significant importance in traditional medicine across South and Southeast Asian cultures.
Trout Lily
Erythronium
Erythronium, commonly known as trout lily, fawn lily, or dog's-tooth violet, is a genus of roughly 30 spring-blooming bulbous perennials native to woodlands across North America, Europe, and Asia. Named for the mottled, trout-skin-like pattern on its paired leaves, this diminutive woodland ephemeral produces nodding, lily-shaped flowers in shades of yellow, white, pink, or lavender-purple that emerge before deciduous tree canopies leaf out in spring. After a brief flowering period of about two weeks, the foliage yellows and dies back, and the plant spends the rest of the year dormant underground as a small, tooth-shaped corm, the origin of the common name dog's-tooth violet. Slow to establish from seed (often taking 4-7 years to first flower) but long-lived and naturalizing readily by offsets once settled, Erythronium is prized by woodland and native-plant gardeners for its fleeting but exquisite early-spring display.
Coca plant
Erythroxylum coca
Erythroxylum coca, known as coca, is an evergreen shrub of the Erythroxylaceae family native to the Andean slopes of South America (Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, and Colombia). It reaches between 2 and 3 meters in height, with straight branches and oval, thin, bright green leaves that feature two characteristic longitudinal lines on both sides of the central vein. It produces small yellowish-white flowers clustered in the leaf axils, which mature into red drupes. It grows naturally in subtropical mountain climates, between 500 and 2000 meters of altitude, with high humidity and abundant rainfall. Its leaves contain alkaloids and have held profound cultural and medicinal value in Andean cultures for millennia.
Escallonia
Escallonia
Escallonia is a genus of evergreen shrubs from South America, grown for their glossy, toothed dark green leaves and long display of small tubular flowers in white, pink or red from summer into autumn. Garden forms range from compact shrubs about 1 m tall to large screening shrubs of 4 m or more. They grow fast, attract bees, and tolerate wind, salt spray and drought, which makes them a classic choice for coastal hedges.
California Poppy
Eschscholzia californica
Eschscholzia californica, commonly known as the California poppy, is an annual or perennial wildflower native to the western United States and Mexico. It produces vibrant blooms in shades of orange, yellow, red, and white from spring through summer. As the official state flower of California, it is celebrated for its drought tolerance, low maintenance needs, and stunning visual impact in gardens and naturalized landscapes.
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